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India Travel Advisory

Travel advisory june 23, 2023, india - level 2: exercise increased caution.

Reissued with updates to health information.

Exercise increased caution in India due to crime and terrorism.

Do not travel to:

  • The union territory of Jammu and Kashmir (except the eastern Ladakh region and its capital, Leh) due to terrorism and civil unrest .
  • Within 10 km of the India-Pakistan border due to the potential for armed conflict .

Country Summary : Indian authorities report rape is one of the fastest growing crimes in India. Violent crime, such as sexual assault, has occurred at tourist sites and in other locations.

Terrorists may attack with little or no warning, targeting tourist locations, transportation hubs, markets/shopping malls, and government facilities.

The U.S. government has limited ability to provide emergency services to U.S. citizens in rural areas from eastern Maharashtra and northern Telangana through western West Bengal as U.S. government employees must obtain special authorization to travel to these areas.

Read the country information page for additional information on travel to India.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has determined India has a moderate level of COVID-19.  Visit the CDC page for the latest Travel Health Information related to your travel.

If you decide to travel to India:

  • Do not travel alone, particularly if you are a woman. Visit our website for Women Travelers .
  • Review your personal security plans and remain alert to your surroundings.
  • Enroll in the Smart Traveler Enrollment Program ( STEP ) to receive Alerts and make it easier to locate you in an emergency.
  • Follow the Department of State on Facebook and Twitter .
  • Review the  Country Security Report for India.
  • Prepare a contingency plan for emergency situations. Review the Traveler’s Checklist .

Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir – Level 4: Do Not Travel

Terrorist attacks and violent civil unrest are possible in the union territory of Jammu and Kashmir. Avoid all travel to this state (with the exception of visits to the eastern Ladakh region and its capital, Leh). Sporadic violence occurs particularly along the Line of Control (LOC) separating India and Pakistan, and in tourist destinations in the Kashmir Valley: Srinagar, Gulmarg, and Pahalgam. The Indian government prohibits foreign tourists from visiting certain areas along the LOC.

Visit our website for Travel to High-Risk Areas .

India-Pakistan Border – Level 4: Do Not Travel

India and Pakistan maintain a strong military presence on both sides of the border. The only official India-Pakistan border crossing point for persons who are not citizens of India or Pakistan is in the state of Punjab between Attari, India, and Wagah, Pakistan. The border crossing is usually open but confirm the current status of the border crossing prior to commencing travel. A Pakistani visa is required to enter Pakistan. Only U.S. citizens residing in India may apply for a Pakistani visa in India. Otherwise apply for a Pakistani visa in your country of residence before traveling to India.

Northeastern States – Level 4: Do Not Travel

Incidents of violence by ethnic insurgent groups, including bombings of buses, trains, rail lines, and markets, occur occasionally in the northeast.

U.S. government employees at the U.S. Embassy and Consulates in India are prohibited from traveling to the states of Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Nagaland, Meghalaya, Tripura, and Manipur without special authorization from the U.S. Consulate General in Kolkata.

Central and East India – Level 4: Do Not Travel

Maoist extremist groups, or “Naxalites,” are active in a large swath of India from eastern Maharashtra and northern Telangana through western West Bengal, particularly in rural parts of Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand and on the borders of Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal, and Odisha. The Naxalites have conducted frequent terrorist attacks on local police, paramilitary forces, and government officials.

Due to the fluid nature of the threat, all U.S. government travelers to states with Naxalite activity must receive special authorization from the U.S. consulate responsible for the area to be visited. U.S. officials traveling only to the capital cities in these states do not need prior authorization.

Visit our website for Travel to High-Risk Areas . 

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U.S. Restricts Travel From India Amid COVID-19 Surge

Suprabhat Dutta / Getty Images

Key Takeaways

  • On May 4, the United States government restricted the travel of foreign nationals from India to the U.S.
  • The restriction is in response to a surge of COVID-19 cases in India and will significantly impact Indian Americans and immigrants who will not be able to go home and visit their families.
  • Individuals can help by supporting and donating to mutual aid and fundraising efforts.

On May 4, the United States government enacted travel restrictions on India amid a surge in COVID-19 cases in the country, limiting most non-U.S. citizens from traveling to the U.S.

The ban does not apply to U.S. citizens and permanent residents, journalists, certain students and academics, and people traveling for humanitarian, public health, or national security reasons.

“What happens in India—or really anywhere in the world—affects all of us,” Krutika Kuppalli, MD , assistant professor of medicine in the division of infectious diseases at the Medical University of South Carolina, tells Verywell. “The situation in India will have downstream global effects and it is in our best interests to get this under control.”

Why Is There a Surge of COVID-19 Cases in India?

About three months after India's Ministry of Health and Family Welfare announced that the country's COVID-19 infections and mortality reached an all-time low , the country experienced the highest daily tally of new COVID-19 infections ever recorded globally.

With 314,835 new cases recorded on April 22, India's case count exceeded the previous highest one-day rise of COVID-19 cases set by the U.S. back in January. The country's numbers continued to set and surpass a new global record as the days passed. As of May 8, India reported 401,078 new infections.

“The surge is due to a complex number of things and not just one thing,” Kuppalli says. “India has very complicated population density issues that intersect its socio-economic dynamics. This, along with the relaxing of public health measures, set up a perfect storm for the surge to occur. I also think there was a false narrative [that] India ‘beat’ the pandemic because they did relatively well compared to other countries during the first wave.”

Kartik Cherabuddi, MD, FACP , hospital epidemiologist and associate professor of infectious diseases and global medicine at the University of Florida, tells Verywell that other factors contributing to the surge may include “poor leadership, mass gatherings, a slow vaccination drive, lack of public health infrastructure, and variants that are more communicable with inadequate protective immunity from prior infection."

The Impact on India's Healthcare System

The massive surge of cases continues to overwhelm India’s healthcare system, leading to shortages of basic supplies and hospital beds.

“For context, this is like what we experienced in New York City, only exponentially widespread and worse,” Cherabuddi says. “We have not yet seen the peak of this second wave and that is concerning as deaths will follow.”

India currently needs:

  • Oxygen cylinders
  • Delivery equipment and concentrators
  • Pulse oximeters
  • Frontline medical provider supplies
  • COVID-19 tests
  • COVID-19 vaccines and raw materials to produce it
  • Hospital beds

“We are witnessing an unprecedented humanitarian crisis in India and neighboring countries,” Cherabuddi adds. “This is not just about medical care. It will affect every aspect of human life in the Indian subcontinent and beyond. The repercussions include regional and global spread, delayed supply of COVID-19 vaccines from India to the world, and impact on global medicine supply.”

Why Is a Travel Restriction Necessary?

Throughout the pandemic, countries have enacted travel restrictions and bans in an effort to contain the spread of COVID-19. 

“Travel restrictions and lockdowns are epidemiological tools that help prevent spread when there is a huge surge in cases,” Cherabuddi says. “We have learned from prior experiences during this pandemic that they must be implemented in a humane manner. Travel advisories and restrictions are consistent with standard public health response to any epidemic or pandemic.”

However, “travel restrictions don’t prevent these variants from spreading and that by the time a variant is detected in another country, it has likely already spread,” Kuppalli says, adding that these bans will only slow the spread of variants—not prevent them.

According to Cherabuddi, a supervised or mandatory quarantine upon return to the U.S. in addition to a travel warning was a possible alternative.

Travel Restrictions Are Affecting Indian Americans

The current travel restrictions were implemented as a necessary public health measure, but now some Indian Americans and Indian immigrants in the U.S. are unable to see their families in person. "Even figuring out how to send supplies to them is a challenge as well," Kuppalli says.

“Indian Americans and communities are dealing with their friends and family members, including immediate family, becoming seriously ill or passing away,” Cherabuddi says. “There is a strong sense of helplessness, guilt, and grief of not being there for their loved ones in this time of need.”

Fully vaccinated individuals with relatives in India may have been looking forward to visiting their families. But travel restrictions make the situation even more fraught.

“It is really difficult to not be able to visit family, and stay away from loved ones,” Lija Joseph, MD , adjunct associate professor of pathology & laboratory medicine at the Boston University School of Medicine, tells Verywell. “I know of some who are not able to go home for the funerals of their loved ones, which makes it really difficult to bring closure in addition to the tragedy of the pandemic.”

Cherabuddi says the COVID-19 crisis in India may lead to some long-term effects including “the negation of gains made over the past decade in poverty, literacy, hunger, malaria, [and] HIV and TB control and mortality. On a global scale, most of humanity has not been vaccinated and this surge will spread like wildfire unless swift action is taken."

What This Means For You

You can show your solidarity by supporting and donating to mutual aid and fundraising initiatives working to help India contain the surge of COVID-19 cases and recover. Cash supplies will be used to provide medical equipment, food, and other necessary provisions.

How Can I Help?

The U.S. government is stepping up to help India, Joseph says. The U.S. promised to send about 60 million doses of the AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine when it receives approval from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) has also provided cash assistance, oxygen cylinders and regulators, rapid diagnostic tests, and N-95 respirators.

“The U.S. government has supported waiver of IP protections on COVID-19 vaccines which is helpful, but we must do more, including active intervention with provision of vaccine supplies and partnering with agencies in the production of vaccines which is crucial to curb further surges and deaths,” Cherabuddi says. “This is the time to help build capacity, exert influence on the government, and galvanize the international community in tackling this crisis.”

Kartik Cherabuddi, MD, FACP

It is not too late. Many communities and agencies have already led the way to action and are making a difference.

Other countries aside from the U.S. are also offering aid, but individuals can make a difference, too. 

“It is not too late. Many communities and agencies have already led the way to action and are making a difference,” Cherabuddi says. “Individuals can show solidarity, advocate for support, and participate in donating effort or money to recognized agencies.”

You can support initiatives like OxygenForIndia to provide medical oxygen to hospitals and patients at home or Mazdoor Kitchen to supply meals to daily wage workers in Delhi. Online fundraising platforms like Mutual Aid India and Give India have plenty of crowdfunding campaigns on their website as well.

Many community organizers are also running mutual aid and fundraisers for vulnerable communities in India without social safety nets, and you may donate directly to the tribal families in Maharashtra , rural transgender people in Tamil Nadu , or Indians living in resettlement colonies in Chandigarh .

“There are many organizations that are providing online fundraising portals,” Joseph says. “Please support these efforts.”

The information in this article is current as of the date listed, which means newer information may be available when you read this. For the most recent updates on COVID-19, visit our  coronavirus news page .

The White House. A Proclamation on the Suspension of Entry as Nonimmigrants of Certain Additional Persons Who Pose a Risk of Transmitting Coronavirus Disease .

U.S. Department of State - Bureau of Consular Affairs. Presidential Proclamation on the Suspension of Entry as Nonimmigrants of Certain Additional Persons Who Pose a Risk of Transmitting Coronavirus Disease .

World Health Organization (WHO). WHO Coronavirus Tracker .

U.S. Agency for International Development. United States Airlifts Emergency Supplies to Help India Address Deadly Second Wave of Covid-19 Pandemic .

By Carla Delgado Delgado is a health and culture writer specializing in health, science, and environmental sustainability.

Understanding The Current Cdc India Travel Restrictions

  • Last updated Aug 22, 2023
  • Difficulty Intemediate

Olivia Jacobs

  • Category United States

cdc india travel restriction

As India grapples with a surge in COVID-19 cases, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has issued important travel restrictions for those planning to visit the country. With a growing number of variants of concern emerging, it is crucial to stay informed about the latest guidelines to ensure the safety of both travelers and the local population. In this article, we will explore the CDC's India travel restrictions and what it means for individuals planning a trip to the country.

What You'll Learn

What are the current travel restrictions for india issued by the cdc, are there any specific requirements or documentation needed for travel to india from the united states, are there any exemptions or special considerations for certain individuals or circumstances, is it safe to travel to india given the current covid-19 situation, how often are the travel restrictions updated and should i check for any changes before my trip.

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As the world continues to navigate the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, travel restrictions and guidelines are constantly changing. For those planning to travel to India, it is important to stay up to date with the current restrictions issued by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

As of the latest update, the CDC has placed India under a Level 4 travel notice, which advises against all travel to the country. This is due to the high level of COVID-19 cases reported in India and the ongoing surge of new infections.

The CDC recommends that individuals reconsider travel plans to India and encourages those who must travel to be fully vaccinated against COVID-19. It is also important to follow all local regulations and guidelines in India, including wearing masks, practicing social distancing, and frequently washing hands.

Additionally, the CDC recommends that travelers be aware of the risk of contracting COVID-19 while in transit, as well as the potential for limited access to healthcare facilities in India. It is advised to have a plan in place for medical care and to purchase travel health insurance that covers COVID-19-related expenses.

It is crucial to note that travel restrictions and guidelines can change rapidly. Therefore, it is essential to regularly check for updates from the CDC and other relevant authorities before planning any travel to India or any other destination.

In summary, the CDC currently advises against all travel to India due to the high number of COVID-19 cases. Travelers should reconsider their plans and be fully vaccinated if travel is unavoidable. It is also important to follow all local guidelines and have a plan in place for medical care. Stay informed and stay safe during these uncertain times.

Understanding Avianca Colombia's Travel Restrictions During the COVID-19 Pandemic

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If you are planning to travel to India from the United States, there are several requirements and documentation that you need to have in order to ensure a smooth trip. These requirements are necessary to enter India legally and to comply with Indian immigration laws. Here are some of the specific requirements and documentation that you need to have:

  • Passport: The most important document you will need is a valid passport. Your passport should be valid for at least six months beyond your intended departure from India. It's important to check the expiration date of your passport before you book your trip and make sure you have enough time to renew it if necessary.
  • Visa: In addition to a passport, you will need a visa to enter India. There are different types of visas depending on the purpose of your visit, such as tourist visa, business visa, or student visa. You will need to apply for the appropriate visa before your trip. The Indian Embassy or Consulate in the United States can provide you with the necessary information and application forms. It's important to apply for the visa well in advance of your travel dates to allow for processing time.
  • Vaccinations: Some vaccinations may be required before you can travel to India. It is recommended to check with your healthcare provider or visit a travel clinic to find out if any vaccinations are required or recommended for your trip. Common vaccinations for travel to India include those for hepatitis A, typhoid, and polio.
  • Travel insurance: It is highly recommended to have travel insurance that covers medical expenses, trip cancellation or interruption, and lost or stolen belongings. While travel insurance is not specifically required to enter India, it can provide peace of mind and protection in case of any unexpected situations during your trip.
  • COVID-19 requirements: Due to the ongoing pandemic, there may be additional requirements and restrictions for travel to India. It is important to stay updated on the latest travel advisories and guidelines issued by the Indian government and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). This may include providing proof of a negative COVID-19 test result before departure, undergoing quarantine upon arrival, or following specific health protocols during your stay in India.

It is important to note that these requirements and documentation may be subject to change, so it is always advisable to check with the appropriate authorities or consult a travel agency for the most up-to-date information before your trip. It's also a good idea to make photocopies of all your important documents, such as your passport and visa, and keep them separate from the originals in case of loss or theft. By ensuring that you have all the necessary requirements and documentation, you can have a hassle-free travel experience to India.

Exploring the Current Travel Restrictions from Florida to Tennessee: What You Need to Know

When it comes to certain individuals or circumstances, exemptions or special considerations may apply. These exemptions or special considerations are typically in place to accommodate individuals who may face unique challenges or circumstances. Whether it's for health reasons, disability, or other special circumstances, exemptions provide a way for these individuals to receive accommodations and be treated fairly.

In many cases, exemptions or special considerations are put in place to ensure equal access and opportunity for all individuals. It is important to understand that these exemptions are not meant to give preferential treatment but rather to level the playing field and provide equal opportunities for individuals who may face additional challenges.

One common example of exemptions or special considerations is in education. In many countries, there are special education programs in place to cater to the needs of students with disabilities or learning difficulties. These programs are designed to provide additional support and accommodations to help these students succeed academically.

For individuals with health conditions, exemptions may be granted when it comes to certain activities or requirements. For example, individuals with physical disabilities may be exempt from physical education classes or certain physical fitness requirements. Similarly, individuals with medical conditions that require specific dietary restrictions may be exempt from certain food requirements or regulations.

Exemptions or special considerations may also be made for individuals who face religious or cultural constraints. For example, in some countries, there are laws that allow individuals to be exempt from certain activities or requirements based on their religious beliefs or practices. These exemptions ensure that individuals can freely practice their religion without compromising their beliefs or values.

It is important to note that exemptions or special considerations should not be abused or taken advantage of. They should be granted based on legitimate needs and adhere to specific guidelines or criteria. The intent is to create a fair and inclusive society where everyone has the opportunity to succeed.

In conclusion, exemptions or special considerations exist to provide accommodations for individuals who face unique challenges or circumstances. Whether it's for health reasons, disabilities, religious beliefs, or other special circumstances, these exemptions aim to level the playing field and provide equal opportunities. It is important to understand and respect these exemptions while ensuring they are granted based on legitimate needs and adhere to specific guidelines or criteria.

The Ultimate Guide to Air Canada's International Travel Baggage Restrictions

India has been severely impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, with a high number of cases and deaths. The situation is constantly evolving, and it is important to stay updated with the latest information before making any travel plans. As of now, the safety of traveling to India depends on various factors that need to be considered.

First and foremost, it is essential to evaluate the current COVID-19 situation in India. The country has witnessed a significant surge in cases, particularly during the second wave of the pandemic. The healthcare system has been overwhelmed, and there have been reports of shortages of medical supplies and hospital beds. However, efforts are being made to ramp up the healthcare infrastructure and vaccinate the population.

Travel restrictions and guidelines are also crucial to consider before deciding to visit India. The Indian government has imposed various restrictions, including temporary bans on travelers from certain countries, mandatory quarantine periods, and COVID-19 testing requirements. It is vital to check with the relevant authorities and keep up-to-date with any changes in these guidelines.

Additionally, one must consider the potential risk of contracting COVID-19 while traveling. Crowded places, such as airports, train stations, and tourist attractions, can pose a higher risk of exposure. It is important to follow all necessary precautions, including wearing masks, maintaining social distancing, and frequently sanitizing hands. Travelers should also be aware of the local regulations and adhere to them strictly.

Another factor to consider is the availability of healthcare facilities and medical assistance in case of emergencies. While India has a vast healthcare system, there have been reports of strain on resources due to the surge in COVID-19 cases. It is advisable to have comprehensive travel insurance that covers medical expenses and repatriation in case of any unforeseen circumstances.

Overall, traveling to India at this time carries a higher degree of risk due to the COVID-19 situation. It is essential to carefully assess the situation, follow all guidelines and precautions, and stay informed about any updates or changes. Consult with healthcare professionals and authorities before making any travel plans.

However, it is important to note that the situation is subject to change, and with ongoing vaccination efforts and containment measures, the situation may improve in the future. It is always advisable to prioritize personal health and safety when making travel decisions during these unprecedented times.

Navigating the Current Travel Restrictions in Massachusetts: What You Need to Know

Travel restrictions are constantly changing and being updated, especially in today's world where the COVID-19 pandemic has greatly impacted international travel. It is essential for travelers to stay informed and regularly check for any changes to travel restrictions before their trip.

Travel restrictions can vary from country to country, and can include requirements such as quarantine periods, negative COVID-19 test results, vaccination certificates, and travel bans for certain regions or countries. These restrictions are put in place to help prevent the spread of the virus and protect public health.

To stay updated on travel restrictions, travelers should check official government websites and reputable travel advisories. These sources often provide the most accurate and up-to-date information regarding travel restrictions, as they are regularly updated as new information becomes available.

It is recommended to check for any changes to travel restrictions before booking any travel arrangements, and then continue to check periodically leading up to your departure date. Travel restrictions can change rapidly, especially in response to new COVID-19 variants or spikes in cases, so it is important to stay informed.

Additionally, travelers should also consider purchasing travel insurance that covers trip cancellations and interruptions, as well as medical expenses related to COVID-19. This can provide extra financial protection in case travel plans need to be changed or canceled due to unexpected travel restrictions.

In conclusion, travel restrictions are updated frequently and it is crucial for travelers to stay informed about any changes before their trip. Checking official government websites and reputable travel advisories regularly will help ensure that you have the most up-to-date information and can plan your trip accordingly. Stay informed, be prepared, and travel safely.

The Latest Update on Air Travel Restrictions: What You Need to Know

Frequently asked questions.

Yes, the CDC has implemented travel restrictions for India due to the high number of COVID-19 cases. As of now, non-U.S. citizens or residents who have been in India within the previous 14 days are not allowed to enter the United States. This restriction is in place to prevent the spread of the virus and protect public health.

Yes, U.S. citizens and residents are allowed to travel to India, but they should be aware of the travel restrictions in place and take necessary precautions. It is important to check for any updates or changes in the CDC guidelines before planning a trip to India.

Travelers should follow all the CDC guidelines and recommendations to reduce the risk of COVID-19 exposure and transmission. This includes wearing masks, practicing social distancing, washing hands frequently, and avoiding large gatherings or crowded places. It is also recommended to get fully vaccinated before traveling to India.

The CDC recommends that travelers follow the guidelines of local public health authorities upon arrival in the United States. This may include self-quarantining for a certain period of time, getting tested for COVID-19, or monitoring for symptoms. It is important to check the specific requirements of the state or city where you will be arriving.

There are some exemptions to the travel restrictions, such as certain humanitarian travel, public health response, and national security-related travel. U.S. citizens who are legal permanent residents of the United States and their immediate family members are also exempted from the travel restrictions. However, even if exempted, it is still important to follow all the necessary precautions and guidelines to protect oneself and others from COVID-19.

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India-US travel curbs eased. What you need to know about CDC travel guidelines

The cdc uses travel health notices (thns) to alert travellers to health threats around the world and advise them on how to protect themselves..

The pandemic, which began two years ago, has led to multiple restrictions on travel and everyday life. In a fresh concern over the global spike in cases, China and some parts of Europe are witnessing a new surge in cases led by the BA.2 variant of Omicron. China's Shanghai is the worst-hit currently where the cases recorded are over 4,400 mark. On the other hand, India's covid cases are witnessing a sharp decline. As India's coronavirus cases dip, the US Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) on Monday eased its COVID-19 travel advisories for India. Top US medical body CDC took down India from Level 3 (high risk) to Level 1 (low risk).

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The US department in a statement said, “The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has issued a Level 1 Travel Health Notice due to COVID-19, indicating a low level of COVID-19 in the country. Your risk of contracting COVID-19 and developing severe symptoms may be lower if you are fully vaccinated with an FDA authorized vaccine.” It further added that “Before planning any international travel, please review the CDC's specific recommendations for vaccinated and unvaccinated travellers.”

Read more: France sees new high in hospitalisations: 10 global updates on Covid

The CDC uses Travel Health Notices (THNs) to alert travellers to health threats around the world and advise them on how to protect themselves. The CDC has four levels of Covid-19 travel advisories for countries. Here's all you need to know about them:

1. Level-1 (low risk): The level 1 of CDC guidelines include countries with a low Covid risk, as the name suggests. In its advisory, the CDC advises people to be sure of being “fully vaccinated before travelling to these destinations.” Currently, this category has over 30 countries including India, China, Kenya, Ethiopia, Nigeria, Taiwan, Uganda.

2. Level-2 (Moderate risk): The second level includes moderately-hit countries amid the pandemic. Under this category, the guideline asks travellers to be fully vaccinated, and those who are unvaccinated with an “increased risk for severe illness” to avoid non-essential travel. There are 14 countries under this category including Bahamas, Bangladesh, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau,Jamaica, Kyrgyzstan, Malawi, Montserrat, Morocco, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Saint Kitts and Nevis, and Zambia.

3. Level 3 (High-risk): This level includes countries that are high-risk countries or those that are highly hit by covid-19. Under this category, all unvaccinated travellers are advised to avoid non-essential travel. This category includes Albania, Cuba, Botswana, Fiji, Ecuador, Indonesia, Peru, Qatar, South Africa, Sri Lanka, UAE, among other countries.

4. Level 4 (Very high-risk): Level 4 of the CDC guidelines include countries that are severely hit with the coronavirus. The CDC advises travellers to avoid complete travel to the countries under this category. A maximum number of countries are under this category including Argentina, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Denmark, Egypt, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Malaysia, Maldives, South Korea, Spain, United Kingdom, among others.

Read more: Covid caller tune to be done away with, says report; netizens express relief

5. Level Unknown: The US agency has another ‘unknown’ level in its travel health notice list. This includes countries in which the covid-19 cases data is not known completely. Countries such as North Korea, Afghanistan, Syria, Yemen are included in this category. The CDC advises travellers to avoid travelling to these destinations.

Meanwhile, the US, which was the worst-hit country due to the covid-19, has recorded over 81,658,973 cases so far, with 1,004,244 deaths.

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For over 50 years, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has engaged in highly successful technical collaboration with the Government of India and Ministry of Health and Family Welfare while addressing India’s public health priorities. As new health threats emerge, CDC and national partners are well-placed to leverage past successful initiatives to strengthen global health security capabilities and rapidly respond to new public health challenges.

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CDC Impact in India

CDC supports global health security   priorities in India by providing technical expertise in strengthening public health systems to prevent, detect, and respond to emerging infectious diseases, such as COVID-19. CDC focuses on real-time disease surveillance, laboratory systems and diagnostics, workforce development, and emergency management. Efforts include developing the evidence base and leading technical guidance for Integrated Public Health Laboratory (IPHL) implementation; strengthening surveillance and reporting for antimicrobial resistance (AMR), Healthcare Associated Infections (HAI), Acute Febrile Illness (AFI), Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (AES), and zoonotic diseases. CDC also supported training for over 10,000 workers in epidemiology and disease surveillance, public health emergency management, laboratory diagnostic testing, and biosafety and quality management.

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CDC’s ongoing efforts to strengthen molecular detection capabilities increase the capacity of district laboratories to detect emerging pathogens like COVID-19

Acute febrile illness (AFI) and acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) surveillance

CDC-supported AFI and AES surveillance efforts across 13 high burden states produced data-driven change in national policy. India adopted algorithmic testing for AFI/AES cases which translated into early diagnosis and better treatment outcomes of patients

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CDC supported Government of India in the conceptualization, development, and implementation of Integrated Public Health Laboratories, and is now supporting the scale-up of IPHL across all 730 districts in India. IPHLs have streamlined district- and block-level laboratory practices and increased laboratory diagnostic capacity

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CDC helped improve infection prevention and control (IPC) at 50 hospitals led by the All India Institute for Medical Sciences

As a key implementer of the U.S. President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), CDC works with the National AIDS Control Organization (NACO) to implement evidence-based, high impact, sustainable interventions in prevention, testing, treatment, and viral load monitoring. CDC uses an equity lens while striving to close access gaps among key populations. Through Project Sunshine, CDC implements strategies to improve prevention, testing, and treatment options for people in northeastern states where HIV prevalence is highest (Manipur, Mizoram, and Nagaland). In collaboration with NACO and State AIDS Control Societies, CDC supported treatment optimization and differentiated service delivery models, such as multi-month dispensation, decentralized drug dispensation in the community and health system settings, and person-centered package of services. NACO later adopted these strategies across a network of 540 antiretroviral treatment (ART) centers throughout the country.

Helped over 6,000 persons with HIV in care but not on treatment start life-saving ART.

CDC supports India’s nationwide HIV behavioral sentinel surveillance — the largest in the world— and integrated biological and behavioral surveillance among key populations

Acute febrile illness (AFI) and acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) surveillance efforts across 13 high burden states produced data

CDC supported implementation of full package of Advanced Disease Management (ADM) for early screening of cryptococcosis (a fungal infection) and tuberculosis

Acute febrile illness (AFI) and acute encephalitis syndrome (AES)

In addition, CDC helped integrate screening and management of hypertension into HIV care to ensure treatment continuity

Acute febrile illness (AFI) and acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) surveillance efforts across 13 high burden states produced data

CDC was instrumental in drafting the national operational guidelines for ART services and national guidelines for HIV care and treatment. These guidelines were disseminated to staff from 625 ART centers and 29 state AIDS Control Societies

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CDC helped enhance laboratory quality toward ISO accreditation for 130 HIV reference labs and over 5,000 HIV testing sites, leading to early and accurate diagnosis of HIV

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CDC used diagnostic network optimization and workforce development to strengthen HIV viral load testing capacity and increased access to services for focus populations

CDC supports the National Tuberculosis Elimination Program (NTEP) to end TB by supporting four strategic pillars: detect, treat, prevent, and strengthen capacity. CDC provides technical support and implements projects, such as external quality assessment (EQA) for rapid molecular tests that ensure accurate and timely results. This EQA is applied to over 800 machines annually; NTEP plans to eventually cover all 3,000 testing sites.

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During the COVID-19 pandemic, CDC’s Dharavi project improved treatment outcomes among patients with drug-resistant TB in Mumbai’s informal urban settlements. The project retained nearly all patients on treatment, even those who migrated elsewhere

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CDC successfully implemented early TB preventive treatment programs in India to diagnose and treat latent TB infection among household contacts in Nagpur and Mumbai, Maharashtra. CDC used patient-friendly diagnostic tests and treatment regimens

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CDC implemented and integrated TB IPC activities in health facilities throughout Mumbai. CDC is expanding these IPC activities to 61 sites in ten states to support NTEP’s TB Mukt Bharat (TB-free India) campaign

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CDC helped increase capacity for next generation sequencing at the National Institute of Research in TB (NIRT) in Chennai

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With CDC support, NIRT conducted next generation sequencing on a prospective cohort of patients with drug resistant TB across India. This effort identified common and new TB mutations and led to the first Indian TB catalogue of mutations

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CDC works with NTEP to strengthen state- and district-level capacity to use local data to accelerate TB control and elimination efforts in 11 states across India

FETP strengthens the public health workforce’s abilities to detect, respond, and control disease outbreaks at the source. CDC continues to support FETPs across India through mentorship for outbreak investigations, surveillance evaluations, COVID-19 activities, and regular remote training. As of January 2023, India FETP has trained over 900 officers across three tiers (advanced, intermediate, and frontline), with over 200 officers currently enrolled. Moving forward, CDC is collaborating with institutions to meet India’s goal of having one epidemiologist per 200,000 people.

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Since 2012, India FETP officers investigated over 550 outbreaks and conducted over 300 surveillance evaluations

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FETP officers have responded to the COVID-19 pandemic in 22 states and union territories and support measles and rubella elimination efforts

CDC’s influenza program focuses on strengthening three main areas: the influenza surveillance network, public health research, and pandemic preparedness. Influenza viruses change constantly and require continued vigilance. CDC helps India prepare for pandemics in alignment with India’s Pandemic Influenza Preparedness and Response Plan by strengthening laboratories and training clinicians on effective case management and infection control. Many of these activities were  developed during the 2009 influenza A/H1N1 pandemic but are directly relevant to the current COVID-19 pandemic. Strong influenza surveillance has enabled India to detect influenza seasonal peaks during monsoons, understand the seasonality of influenza in tropical countries, and guide timing for influenza vaccination.

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In collaboration with the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, CDC helps determine the disease and economic burdens of influenza and other respiratory viruses, evaluates effectiveness of influenza vaccines, and identifies optimal timing for influenza vaccination

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CDC’s advanced molecular diagnostic trainings helped the National Institute of Virology to scale up PCR SARS-CoV-2 testing across India’s influenza laboratory network

CDC partners with the Government of India to enhance emergency response capabilities that are critical for the country’s response to infectious diseases and other public health threats. CDC provides technical support to apply modern emergency management concepts and principles using a common framework for public health response and exercises. CDC focuses on increasing emergency management human resource capacity; strengthening national and sub-national emergency operations centers (EOCs); developing emergency response plans, protocols, and procedures; training rapid response teams; and providing real-time support for multiple activations of EOCs and outbreak response systems.

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CDC’s Emergency Management Program helps establish, operate, and manage national and sub-national EOCs that respond to disease outbreaks, natural or manmade disasters, and other public health emergencies

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CDC partners with WHO to strengthen rapid response teams, enabling state and district surveillance teams to rapidly respond to health threats like COVID-19

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CDC has supported training for thousands of staff on COVID-19 and other emergencies

CDC works to increase AMR and Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAI) surveillance and institutionalize IPC capacity nationally and sub-nationally. CDC supported the Government of India to establish the National Antimicrobial Surveillance Network, which increased the country’s network from 10 laboratories in 2013 to 40 laboratories across 29 states and union territories. CDC partnered with the Indian Council of Medical Research and the All India Institute of Medical Sciences to develop and implement a network for surveillance and prevention of HAIs. These networks were used to quickly disseminate COVID-19 information to hospitals.

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CDC helped strengthen antimicrobial resistance and healthcare-associated infection surveillance across 29 states

CDC supports efforts to eradicate or control vaccine-preventable diseases in India through the Universal Immunization Program. Since the mid 1990’s, CDC has helped strengthen epidemiology and laboratory methods, routine immunization services, training methods, data systems, case-based disease surveillance, and outbreak preparedness and response. CDC’s support of the National Public Health Surveillance Project strengthened implementation of polio , measles , and COVID-19 vaccination campaigns, outbreak response activities, and surveillance.

People living with HIV in Mumbai receive uninterrupted medication

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India’s Latest Guidelines on International Travel

This timeline summarizes the most recent developments in the rules and regulations governing international travel to and from India.

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February 2023

  • From February 13, 11 AM , passengers coming to India from or via China, Hong Kong, Japan, South Korea, and Thailand will not require a negative RT-PCR report from a pre-departure test for COVID-19. Travelers from these five countries will no longer have to fill the self-health declaration form on the Air Suvidha portal either. The 2% random testing on arrival in India [from any country of origin] policy that was started December 24 last year, shall continue.

January 2023

  • Reported by Times of India , all Indians traveling to Sri Lanka will have to follow the country’s revised COVID-19 protocols. Sri Lanka has announced that all tourists to the country will be required to carry their vaccination cards, and unvaccinated travelers must carry a negative PCR report obtained 72 hours prior to their arrival.

December 2022

December 29, 2022.

  • On December 29, 2022, India’s Federal Health Minister Mansukh Mandaviya announced that RT-PCR test would be mandatory from January 1, 2023 for international passengers travelling to India from China, Hong Kong, Japan, South Korea, Singapore and Thailand . The test must be conducted within 72 hours of undertaking the journey to India. 
  • These negative RT-PCR reports must be uploaded on the Air Suvidha portal before travel.
  • This requirement is in addition to the random two percent tests of all international passengers in all incoming international flights on their arrival in India irrespective of their port of departure.

December 28, 2022

Air India Express, India’s first international budget carrier that offers flights to the Middle East and Southeast Asia, has issued guidelines for the maintenance of Covid-appropriate behaviour by travellers travelling from the United Arab Emirates (UAE) to India. The guidelines include:

  • All passengers from UAE should preferably be completely immunised as per the approved primary schedule of Covid vaccination. 
  • All visitors should preferably use masks and follow physical distancing on flights/travel and at all points of entry.
  • Post-arrival random testing is not required for children under the age of 12. However, if they have Covid-related symptoms upon arrival, they have to undergo testing in accordance with protocol. 

December 26, 2022

  • On December 24, 2022, Indian Health Ministry announced that international arrivals from China, Japan, South Korea, Hong Kong and Thailand will have to mandatorily present RT-PCR test results . In case any passengers from these countries are symptomatic or test positive for Covid-19, they will be quarantined. 
  • Economic Times reporting that Air Suvidha form filling to declare current health status will also be made compulsory for international passengers arriving from China, Japan, South Korea, Hong Kong and Thailand.
  • Times of India reporting that Qatar has reinstated visa-on-arrival (VOA) facility for Indian travellers , which were temporarily halted due to FIFA World Cup 2022 in the country. Indian nationals can get a free VOA in Qatar for a maximum stay of 30 days or as per the hotel reservation and under the following conditions: valid passport for at least six months, confirmed return tickets, and confirmed hotel reservation through ‘Discover Qatar’ website only.
  • Times of India  reporting that effective from January 1, 2023 , Serbia has discontinued visa-free travel regulations for Indian citizens , keeping in line with the requirements of European Union (EU) visa policy and measures to control illegal migrants. 

December 23, 2022

New guidelines applicable for international arrivals from December 24, 2022: “All travelers should preferably be fully vaccinated as per the approved primary schedule of vaccination against COVID-19 in their Country.” See here for the official Ministry of Health and Family Welfare notification issued December 22.

India will randomly test 2 percent of international travelers arriving in the country’s airports for COVID, with effect from Saturday (December 24) 10 am IST , as announced by Mansukh Mandaviya, Health Minister on Thursday December 21. Travelers will be allowed to leave the airport after submitting their sample. After the random testing, if found COVID-positive, the person’s sample shall be sent for genomic testing at a designated INSACOG laboratory network; reports shall be hared with Integrated Disease Surveillance Program at [email protected] by the concerned testing laboratory (besides sharing with the airport health organization APHOS) to be in turn shared with concerned state or union territory for further follow-up action.

  • India is becoming increasingly cautious after a surge in cases recorded in neighboring China as well as in Brazil, US, Japan, and Korea, besides it being the ongoing holiday and festive season, which witnesses a jump in travel. In another move, visitors to the Taj Mahal (Agra, Uttar Pradesh state), will undergo a COVID-19 test before they enter, as per reporting from news agency ANI. While wearing masks are not currently mandatory in most parts of the country, it will likely be increasingly encouraged. For example, the southern state of Karnataka has made wearing masks mandatory indoors and in closed spaces in guidelines released December 22.

December 14, 2022

  • DNA  reporting a travel advisory issued due to the ongoing chaos at Delhi international airport: “To ensure a quick security check, Air India has urged all travelers to bring just one piece of carry-on luggage and arrive at least 3.5 hours early.”
  • Times of India  reporting that Hong Kong and Nigeria are among the latest to remove COVID-19 travel rules for international travelers. 
  • Business Today  reporting that IndiGo has announced 32 connecting flights between India and Europe – flying to Milan, Manchester, Birmingham, Rome, and Venice – starting December 7, 2022. These international flights will operate in partnership with Turkish Airlines.

November 2022

  • Times of India  reporting that Germany is relaxing visa appointment rules for Indian tourists. According to German Missions in the country, Indian travelers can book their visa appointment at any VFS global Visa Application Centre in major Indian cities and the Schengen visa can be applied for three months before the travel date. However, this relaxation does not apply to the D-visa category – students, employment, and family reunion visas, among others.
  • New Air India flights announced between India and US, Europe ( Business Traveller ): – Air India is launching new flights connecting Mumbai with New York, Paris, and Frankfurt, and resuming non-stop flights connecting Delhi with Copenhagen, Milan, and Vienna. The new daily Mumbai-New York service to John F Kennedy International Airport will commence February 14, 2023, which will take Air India’s India-US frequency to 47 non-stop flights per week. – The new Air India flights from Delhi to Europe announced are: four weekly Delhi-Milan from February 1, 2023 and three weekly flights each on the Delhi-Vienna and Delhi-Copenhagen routes starting February 18 and March 1, 2023, respectively. – From Mumbai, new Air India flights are currently being planned to Paris* (thrice-weekly) and Frankfurt* (four weekly) from the next quarter. 
  • India is discontinuing the Air Suvidha self-declaration form starting November 22, 2022. Passengers flying into India will no longer need to fill out the Air Suvidha form from November 21-22 midnight and will not need to take an RT-PCR COVID-19 test.

On November 14, the Canada  government concluded an expanded Canada-India Air Transport Agreement “to allow unlimited flights between both countries”. The announcement said: “The expanded agreement allows designated airlines to operate an unlimited number of flights between the two countries. The previous agreement limited each country to 35 flights per week. The new rights under the expanded agreement are available for use by airlines immediately. Money Control reports that this will give Canadian airlines access to the Indian cities of Bengaluru, Chennai, Delhi, Hyderabad, Kolkata, and Mumbai while Indian airlines will receive access to Toronto, Edmonton, Montreal, and Vancouver as well as two additional points (Canadian cities) selected by India. India is Canada’s fourth largest international air transport market and there are an estimated 1.5 million Indians living in Canada. Presently the only non-stop direct flights in this market are from Air India and Air Canada.

October 2022

The Financial Express  reports plans of Air India to add 20 weekly, non-stop flights to the US and UK between October and December. “With five additional flights a week to Birmingham, nine additional flights to London, and six additional flights a week to San Francisco, Air India said it will be able to offer over 5,000 additional seats every week.” Soon there will be seven Indian cities offering direct Air India flights to London.

September 2022

  • No new updates were made to the “Risk Levels” and “Safety and Security” sections of the Canadian government’s travel advisory for India: The Hindu report .
  • Hong Kong is lifting compulsory quarantine requirement for arrivals starting from September 26. There will be three days of medical surveillance during which inbound persons are free to go out but are obliged to comply with Amber Code restrictions under the Vaccine Pass, followed by a four-day self-monitoring period, making it a 7-day observation period in total, as per the Hong Kong government’s notification .
  • Taiwan will end mandatory quarantine for travelers arriving in the country from October 13 as per reporting from Reuters . Speaking to the media, Taiwan’s Cabinet spokesperson Lo Ping-cheng stated that from September 29, visa-free entry will be resumed for overseas travelers that previously enjoyed that status. Under its ‘New Taiwan Model’, the government is set to increase weekly arrival limits for international travelers to 60,000 from 10,000 and will not require PCR tests for arrivals. If the pandemic situation is stable, the country will end quarantine from around October 13 and increase the weekly arrival limit to 150,000.
  • Japan’s Prime Minister Fumio Kishida announced travel relaxations in Japan while in New York for the UN General Assemebly session. “… from 11 October, Japan will relax border control measures to be on par with the US, as well as resume visa-free travel and individual travel.”  BBC  reports that the cap on daily arrivals will also be lifted.
  • Fiji removed its COVID-19 test requirements for international travelers from September 5, 2022.
  • Media is reporting that Indians traveling to Indonesia can fast track their visa applications on arriving in Jakarta as VFS Global has reached an exclusive agreement with the Indonesian Immigrant Department.
  • See India’s guidelines for international arrivals – dated September 2, 2022 – which came in effect the next day. The document provides protocols to be complied by international travelers as well as those to be followed by airlines and all points of entry (airports, seaports, and land border). 
  • International flights resumed operations starting September 3, in Guwahati’s (Assam state) Lokapriya Gopinath Bordoloi International Airport (LGBIA), after a gap of two years. In the next few months, officials speaking to the  Hindustan Times said that the LGBIA airport will start flights from Guwahati to Yangon (Myanmar), Kathmandu (Nepal), Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia), Hanoi (Vietnam), and Bangkok (Thailand).

January – August, 2022

  • Airlines and travel agents in India have to share details of international travelers with the Central Board of Excise and Customs (CBIC) 24 hours before departure and arrival. The information will be provided to the National Customs Targeting Centre-Passenger (NCTC). While this rule had been proposed five years ago, to combat tax avoidance and tax evasion, the government has only now developed a regulatory framework to implement this. India is among 60 countries collecting such details of international passengers. The Ministry of Finance issued the notification on August 8, 2022, as per media reports .
  • China no longer requires COVID test information for international arrivals from August 31, 2022 : On Thursday, August 25, 2022, China’s General Administration of Customs released  a new health declaration form for international arrivals, which removes the requirement for visitors to report their nucleic acid test results, infection status, and vaccination dates. This ninth version of the health declaration form will be implemented starting from August 31, 2022, and international visitors can report their health status online by filling out a form on the related WeChat account or webpage. Some  media  interpret that with this update, the current entry requirement, that is, the requirement to have international passengers take two PCR tests for COVID-19 within 48 hours of their departure, the second of which must be within 24 hours of their departure — will be lifted.  However, considering that China is still sticking to its dynamic zero-COVID strategy, we recommend that international travelers double-check with their flight companies for further information.
  • The Chinese Embassy in India has updated its “ Application Procedures and Material Requirements of China Visa “, to be implemented from August 24, 2022. See here for the list of requirements and procedures for various types of Chinese visas, including the M-Visa (commercial and trade activities) and the X1-Visa (long-term study): http://in.china-embassy.gov.cn/eng/lsfw/qz/202208/t20220822_10748221.htm 
  • The  Business Standard  noted in a report that China was working to facilitate the return of foreign students, including from India, who have been stuck due to the COVID-19 visa restriction. The paper quoted Foreign Ministry spokesman Wang Wenbin who told media that the Chinese side were working intensively for the return of foreign students to China. In updated comments on the foreign ministry website, Wenbin said: “We are confident in seeing the return of the first group of Indian students in the near future. Building on that, the Chinese side will further proceed with the return of other Indian students in a well thought-out and orderly manner.”
  • India’s domestic air fare caps will end from August 31, as the civil aviation regulator DGCA rolls back restrictions imposed in 2020. This minimum to maximum price band had been introduced to avoid sky high ticket prices due to pent up demand in the domestic travel market. 
  • India’s passport offers visa-free access to 60 countries , including Bhutan, Nepal, Macao, Oman, Qatar, and Fiji. According to the latest Henley Passport Index, published by immigration consultancy Henley & Partners, India’s passport ranked 87th. India had ranked 90th in Q3 and Q4 in 2021. The latest index is topped by Japan, whose passport offers visa-free access to 193 countries, followed by South Korea and Singapore (at 192 countries each), and Germany and Spain (190). As per reporting by the Hindustan Times: Indians have ‘visa-on-arrival’ access in Thailand, Indonesia, Maldives, and Sri Lanka as well as 21 countries in Africa.
  • Speaking at the World Economic Forum on Tuesday, the Chinese Premier, Li Keqiang, promised to relax restrictions on international travel in an “orderly” way , which would include facilitating the return of foreign students to rejoin Chinese colleges. Around 500,000 foreign students are enrolled at universities in China, including 23,000 Indians. Li said: “All international students may return to China to continue their studies should they so wish, and outbound commerce and trade activities and cross-border travel for labor services will be advanced in an orderly fashion.” The comments were made during a Special Virtual Dialogue with Global Business Leaders hosted by the forum. Foreign diplomatic missions in China are presently trying to speed up the process to facilitate the return of international students to China. While this is now in a small-scale trial mode, any large-scale opening can be expected only when the country’s epidemic outbreaks slow down.
  • Competent authorities in China and India are communicating on securing the resumption of flights and to bring back the first group of Indian students to China at the earliest as reported in  The Economic Times.
  • Bhutan is allowing travelers into the country from September 23, 2022 – after a two-year gap. Tourists from India should note the levy of a sustainable development fee (SDF), charged at 1,200 ngultrums (approx. INR 1200) per day; children between the age of six and 12 are charged INR 600 per day and no fee is charged from children below the age of five. The SDF fee is not applicable everywhere – there are exemptions to the levy in 11 districts in the less popular Eastern Bhutan region, until December 2024. 
  • India is working to roll out e-passports as per its external affairs minister S. Jaishankar. The minister also informed that the Passport Seva System had been integrated with the DigiLocker system to facilitate paperless documentation. Jaishankar added: “The Ministry in collaboration with the Department of Posts operationalized 428 Post Office Passport Seva Kendras (POPSKs) to reach out to our citizens at their doorsteps. The Ministry has successfully integrated the passport issuance systems in 178 of our Embassies and Consulates abroad.” 
  • Saudi Arabia has lifted COVID-related travel restrictions on citizens travelling to India, Ethiopia, Turkey, and Vietnam and is accepting pilgrims for the forthcoming annual Hajj season, The Hindu  reports June 20, 2022. The requirement to wear face masks in closed places has also been relaxed.
  • China has updated its visa policy for Indians , including Indian professionals and students. China will accept visa applications of foreign nationals and their accompanying family members seeking to return to China for resumption of work in all fields. Visas for tourism and private purposes remain suspended. The details of over 12,000 Indian students have reportedly been forwarded to the Chinese government for visa processing. (Over 23,000 Indian students – mostly enrolled in medical colleges in China – had to return to India and were stuck during the last few years due to the coronavirus pandemic, which first broke out December 2019.) However, China is yet to announce resumption of normal flight facilities between the two countries.
  • The US does not require arriving international travelers to take a COVID-19 test within a day before boarding their flights to the country from June 12, Sunday. “As of 12:01AM ET on June 12, 2022, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) will no longer require air passengers traveling from a foreign country to the United States to show a negative COVID-19 viral test or documentation of recovery from COVID-19 before they board their flight. For more information, see Rescission: Requirement for Negative Pre-Departure COVID-19 Test Result or Documentation of Recovery from COVID-19 for all Airline or Other Aircraft Passengers Arriving into the United States from Any Foreign Country .”
  • Media reports say the DGCA has made masks mandatory at Indian airports and during flights. India recorded 7,240 new cases in 24 hours [ June 9 MoHFW update], the highest since March.
  • On Wednesday, June 8, India’s aviation regulator DGCA announced fresh guidelines for COVID-appropriate behavior. The wearing of masks is now mandatory inside the flight / throughout the air travel , and mask removal is permitted only under exceptional circumstances. Violators could be treated as ‘unruly passengers’ and removed from the flight before departure. This is in line with a Delhi High Court order, which stipulates that violators can be put on ‘no fly list’. 
  • India’s  overall passenger traffic  (both domestic and international) at airports reached 93 percent of pre-COVID levels in May 2022. International passenger traffic reached 63 percent and 72 percent of pre-COVID levels in April and May, respectively. Recovery of domestic travel reached 98 percent of pre-COVID levels in May 2022.
  • Turkey has relaxed all the conditions for Indian travelers entering the country, Turkiye Tourism Board said on Monday, June 6.​​ Now, Indian travelers no longer have to show proof of vaccination or proof of recovery from COVID-29 or negative RT-PCR test report.
  • The United States Embassy in India has tweeted (8.23pm, May 29): “The US Mission to India is pleased to announce that we are resuming routine in-person tourist visa appointments in September 2022. Previously scheduled placeholders have now been cancelled. Applicants whose placeholder appointments were cancelled may now reenter the scheduling system to book regular appointments. Appointments have been opened through 2023.”
  • Media reports say that Israel has removed COVID-19-linked travel requirements for foreign visitors, such as presenting a negative RT-PCR test prior to departure, undergoing an RT-PCR test upon arrival, and quarantine observation.
  • Livemint reports: “Malaysia Airlines will add new routes, increase frequencies and upgrade aircraft to cater to the Indian market, which remains a key geography for the airline.”
  • Saudi Arabia has banned its citizens from travelling to sixteen countries, including India, Indonesia, and Vietnam, after the Gulf state has recorded a five-fold rise in COVID-19 cases. News18 reports : “Saudi Arabia’s General Department of Passports dropped several Covid-19 restrictions towards the end of last year but are now reimposing some of them as Covid-19 cases are being reported from various parts of the world and China and North Korea bearing the brunt of the Omicron variant which is leading to fresh cases.”
  • Indian announced on May 12 that citizens planning to travel abroad are now eligible to get a third (booster/precaution) dose of vaccine three months after their second dose. The rules otherwise stipulate a nine-month gap between the second dose and booster shot. 
  • Scoot, the budget airline from Singapore Airlines Group, has launched daily flight services between Thiruvananthapuram (Kerala) and Singapore, up from three times a week. As per reporting by The Hindu  [April 27, 2022], Scoot has a network of 42 destinations in 16 countries and territories, including Australia and Southeast Asia.
  • VietJet has announced that it will resume operations of six flights – on the Delhi-Hanoi route and Delhi-Ho Chi Minh City route from April 29, 2022. New flights have also been added by VietJet on the Mumbai-Phu Quoc route and New Delhi-Phu Quoc route, which are scheduled to start from September 9, 2022.
  • Hong Kong has banned Air India flights till April 24 due to COVID-19 as three passengers on board one of its flights had reportedly tested positive on arrival.
  • On April 11,  Times of India  reported that fully vaccinated passengers from the UAE traveling to India will not necessarily require a pre-departure RT-PCR test at the airport. The move is on a reciprocity basis. However, UAE travelers will need to fill out the passenger locator form on the Air Suvidha portal – same as travelers from any other destination visiting India. Also, travelers need to upload their COVID-19 vaccination certificate onto the Air Suvidha portal.
  • Scheduled international flight services have resumed from Sunday, March 27, 2022 after being suspended for two years due to COVID-19. Starting March 27, six Indian airlines and 60 foreign airlines will connect India with 63 countries . Under the new summer schedule (March 27 to October 29), foreign airlines will operate 1,783 weekly flights and Indian carriers will operate 1,466 departures every week. Among domestic airlines, IndiGo will operate 505 departures per week, followed by Tata Group-owned Air India at 361 weekly flights and its subsidiary Air India Express will operate 340 flights per week.
  • From the  Indian Express : More international airlines add flights to India : “Emirates said… it will be operating the 35 weekly flights from Mumbai, 28 from Delhi, 24 from Bengaluru, 21 each from Chennai and Hyderabad, 14 from Kochi, 11 from Kolkata, nine from Ahmedabad and seven from Thiruvananthapuram.”
  • On March 21, 2022, Chief Executive Carrie Lam announced  that from April 1, the Government will lift the flight ban on nine countries (i.e., Australia, Canada, France, India, Pakistan, the Philippines, the UK, the USA, and Nepal)  and cut the hotel quarantine period for arrivals. Currently, passenger aircraft from these nine countries are not allowed to land in Hong Kong. The Chief Executive also announced the preconditions for boarding a flight to Hong Kong and the COVID-19 control and prevention measures to be implemented upon arrival. Given this, there are  comments  saying that traveling to Hong Kong will not get much easier even after the ban is lifted. Cathay Pacific Airways Ltd. plans just one inbound flight every two weeks for fear to be subjected to the city’s 14-day ban on airlines that carry too many passengers found to be infected with COVID-19.
  • Singapore announced it is lifting restrictions for all vaccinated travelers from next week. According to officials, from April 1, fully vaccinated adults and unvaccinated children will be allowed to enter Singapore without quarantining, if they take a pre-departure test . Only travelers on a ‘restricted list’ will face curbs in entering Singapore; as of March 24, 2022 – there are no countries on this list.
  • On March 21, the Ministry of Civil Aviation (MoCA) announced relaxed COVID-19-related regulations. NDTV reports MoCA saying “cabin crew members need not wear PPE kit, airlines need not keep three seats vacant on international flights for medical emergencies and security personnel at airports can resume pat-down search of passengers.” However, the use of face mask and maintenance of hand hygiene/sanitizer continues to be mandatory . Airlines may carry additional PPE protective gear, sanitizers, and N-95 masks to handle any respiratory infections related to cases on air – for passengers as well as the crew.
  • Cochin International Airport announces summer schedule (March 27 to October 29) with 1,190 weekly operations (international and domestic flights). 20 airlines will operate flights to destinations abroad (including 16 international carriers). Indigo has the most weekly departures to international destinations (42) and Air India Express accounts for 38 weekly departure operations. Other prominent carriers are Air Asia Berhad, Ethihad, Emirates, Oman Air, Qatar Air, Saudi Arabian Airlines, Kuwait Airways, Thai Airways, Sri Lankan Airlines, Gulf Air, and Fly Dubai. 44 weekly departures are scheduled for Dubai, followed by Abu Dhabi with 42. Air India Express will continue its weekly operations to London and Thai Air Asia will resume Kochi operations in June, with 4 weekly direct flights to Bangkok. Source:  The Hindu Business Line
  • Useful Quick Links from the Air India portal: – Official Circular on Restoration of Indian Visa (E-Tourist Visa and Tourist Visa) for Foreign Tourists   – Circular For Generating and Accessing International Digital Covid 19 Vaccination Certificate – International Travel Advisories
  • Singapore Airlines Group press release: All Singapore Airlines flights from India to Singapore will operate as vaccinated travel lane (VTL) services from March 16, 2022. This will provide eligible customers with quarantine-free entry into Singapore from eight points across India. Scoot, SIA’s low-cost subsidiary, will also progressively convert its non-VTL services from Amritsar, Coimbatore, Thiruvananthapuram, Tiruchi, and Visakhapatnam to VTL services. Short-term visitors and Singapore work-permit holders who seek to avail VTL services must apply for a Vaccinated Travel Pass (VTP) prior to their visa application. VTP applications should be made between three and 60 calendar days before the person’s intended date of entry into Singapore. Travelers must ensure their eligibility to use the VTL services before their flight. 
  • Regular international flights to resume March 27, 2022 after two years suspension. This is the start of the summer schedule 2022.
  • Economic Times reporting “ Global travel shedding Covid baggage as several nations ease restrictions for Indians “. 
  • India has once again extended its ban on regular commercial international passenger flights – until further orders – as per a circular dated February 28, 2022 issued by the Director-General of Civil Aviation (DGCA). Flights under air bubble arrangements and international cargo flights will continue.
  • On February 28, 2022 , the Indian government updated its “ List of Countries/Regions in respect of which primary vaccination schedule completion certificate is allowed to be uploaded ” on the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare website: see document here . There are 88 countries now on this list . (The Union health ministry has removed the at-risk categorization of countries.) 
  • India and Thailand have finalized an air bubble arrangement, bringing the total number of such bilateral flight agreements to 37. Airline carriers between India and Thailand will begin operating flights starting in March, which will be subject to approval from the government. Thai Airways will commence flights between India and Thailand starting March 1 under this air bubble. Travelers should note the health protocols and the respective schedules of approved flights between Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, Bengaluru, and Bangkok. Meanwhile, on February 25, SpiceJet announced it will launch six new international flights to Bangkok, commencing from March 10 in a phased manner. SpiceJet plans to launch flights connecting Delhi, Mumbai, and Kolkata with Bangkok. India reportedly has plans to reopen its regular international travel from March 15, but this is still a tentative date.
  • Singapore, UAE, and Kuwait have updated their travel guidelines and COVID-prevention protocols for travelers from India. See here to know more.
  • The Airport Authority of India has updated its state-wise guidelines for arriving passengers – by region. The PDF links may be accessed here: COVID Guidelines India Northern Region 14-02-2022 COVID Guidelines India Western Region 21.02.2022 COVID Guidelines India Southern Region 22-02-20212 COVID Guidelines India Eastern Region 18-02-2022 COVID Guidelines India North East Region 17-02-2022
  • Dubai ends rapid RT-PCR rules for Indian travelers. Under the new rules , travelers from India have to produce a negative COVID-19 test certificate issued by an approved health service provider and generated 48 hours before scheduled departure of the flight. Passengers will undergo a PCR test upon arrival in Dubai. Transit passengers will be expected to follow rules governing entry at their final destination.
  • It is being reported in The Economic Times that the aviation ministry has requested approval from the health ministry to allow resumption of international flights from mid-March. Reason cited by unnamed government source is that domestic traffic has rebounded.
  • The government has removed restrictions on the number of flights that can be operated between India and Ukraine under their bilateral air bubble arrangement to facilitate travel of Indians from the eastern European country. India has advised its citizens to temporarily leave Ukraine amid its deteriorating relations with Russia.
  • Indian media are reporting that the government is soon to make a decision on whether regular international flights can resume in the summer (March/April). It is being reported by The Economic Times that the aviation ministry has set an internal target of resuming international flight services once domestic airlines capacity touches 80% of pre-COVID flights. (Domestic airlines operated over 2,800 flights before the pandemic struck in 2020; as of February 13, they operated 2,058 flights. To reach the 80% mark, this number has to exceed 2,200.)
  • No testing or mandatory quarantine required for international travelers from February 14, 2022: On February 10, India revised guidelines for international arrivals, which will come into effect February 14, 2022 (Monday, 00.01 Hrs IST). The new guidelines remove the category of ‘at risk’ countries and has scrapped the seven-day mandatory quarantine. Instead, India’s health authorities recommend self-monitoring of 14 days for symptoms . The Union Health Ministry stated that there is “need to monitor the continuously changing” COVID-19 virus but accepted that “economic activities need to be taken up in an unhindered manner”. As per the latest guidelines, all foreign arrivals have to fill a self-declaration form online (Air Suvidha web portal), including a travel history of the past 14 days. They must also upload a negative RT-PCR test conducted within 72 hours of the departure date. Alternatively, they can upload a certificate confirming that they are fully vaccinated. This alternative option is only available for passengers arriving from the 72 countries whose vaccination program are recognized by the Indian government. They include Canada, Hong Kong, USA, UK, Bahrain, Qatar, Australia, New Zealand, and some European countries. See here for the official notification on the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare portal.
  • Australia will reopen its borders for international tourists from February 21 , subject to conditions. The move comes after almost two years of pandemic-linked travel restrictions. Australia’s Prime Minister Scott Morrison said while making the announcement: “The condition is you must be double vaccinated to come to Australia. That’s the rule. Everyone is expected to abide by it.” However, travelers to Australia should note the state-wise rules and restrictions.
  • Vietnam reported to reopen for tourism, welcome foreign travelers from March 15, 2022. See here for information pertaining to travel to Vietnam .
  • On February 5, Bali reopened its borders for international travelers and resumed direct international flights. See here for information on travel to Indonesia .
  • On February 4, the state of Kerala released revised guidelines for international travelers. ( See here for the official notification by the Kerala government.) Any international traveler coming to Kerala, irrespective of their duration of stay, must undergo symptom surveillance. If they are found symptomatic, they must undertake an RT-PCR test at cost at the airport and take further action as per the test results. The revised rules advise home quarantine for international travelers who do not show symptoms; they must self-monitor their health for 7 days from the date of arrival and undergo testing if they develop symptoms. Rapid Antigen Test is advised on the 8th day after arrival. There will be random testing of 2% of international travelers on the flight, irrespective of the country of departure, and the costs will be borne by the Kerala state government. 
  • Singapore Airlines has restarted the vaccinated travel lane (VTL) with India. VTL flights allow quarantine-free travel into Singapore. There are VTL flights from Delhi, Mumbai, and Chennai into Singapore. (Singapore has also restarted its vaccinated travel lane with Malaysia.) Passengers should note that there are limited flights and reduced seat quota on these routes.
  • The West Bengal state government announced on January 31, that it is rolling back its ban on all international direct flights coming from the United Kingdom to Kolkata.
  • Indians who are fully vaccinated can reportedly travel to these seven countries: UK, Thailand, Singapore, Cyprus, Vietnam, Israel, and Saint Lucia in the Caribbean.
  • Canada has relaxed COVID-19 testing requirements for travelers from India, starting January 28, 2022. People traveling on direct flights or on a one-stop flight from India do not have to show a negative RT-PCR test done at the Delhi airport within 18 hours of their departure. However, Canada still requires travelers from India to show an RT-PCR test report from an ICMR-approved lab . Fully vaccinated travelers must upload their relevant details onto the ArriveCAN app or website. 
  • India’s Ministry of External Affairs – Guidelines for International Arrivals – Quick Access to Documents: https://www.mohfw.gov.in/pdf/GuidelinesforInternationalarrivalsupdatedon10thFebruary2022.pdf 
  • India has extended the ban on scheduled international commercial flights to 23:59 February 28, 2022: Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA). This ban does not apply to international all-cargo operations and the DGCA-approved flights. The notification was released by the DGCA on January 19, 2022.
  • Hong Kong bars flights from India, U.S., U.K., Australia, Canada, France, Pakistan, and Philippines over Omicron fears, reports The Hindu (Jan.5, 2022).
  • Countries reported to be requiring mandatory vaccine booster shots for travelers include Kuwait, Netherlands, Switzerland, France, Croatia, Austria, Greece, and Israel. 
  • Gulf News is reporting that India is currently making a “day to day” assessment on the resumption of normal international flights. “One has to balance the concerns of public safety and travel,” said Rakesh Kumar Verma, Additional Secretary, Tourism, Government of India. “We will take very expeditious action as and when things improve and the assessment is carried out. I’m hopeful that [full] international travel will resume soon.”
  • Starting January 1, 2022, India’s air bubble arrangement with Saudi Arabia will be in effect. 
  • India has reached an air bubble agreement with Australia. According to reporting from Livemint : “Australian airline Qantas has recently started flights between Sydney and New Delhi. The airline is also set to start flights between New Delhi and Melbourne before Christmas. Air India also operated direct commercial flights connecting New Delhi with Melbourne and Sydney before scheduled international flights were suspended by the Indian government. Air India flights between India and Australia will resume in coming days, said a senior official with the airline.”
  • As of December 7, 2021 , India’s Civil Aviation and Health Ministry has made contactless self-declaration at Air Suvidha Portal mandatory for purpose of contact tracing. Exemption forms from the Air Suvidha portal has been discontinued. All international passengers arriving in India must fill in all the details.
  • 108 countries recognize India’s COVID-19 vaccination certificate for travel purpose as per data available on December 6, 2021 .

Commercial international flights were suspended in India since March 25, 2020 due to the coronavirus outbreak. Travel restrictions have begun to be gradually relaxed from October 2021.

Below we highlight the latest guidelines for international travel to and from India.

Latest updates

Status of india’s international air operations.

  • On March 8, an order from the government confirmed resumption of regular international flights from March 27, 2022 . “After being recognized the increase of vaccination coverage across the globe and in consultation with the stakeholders, the government of India has decided to resume scheduled commercial international passenger services to/from India from March 27, 2022, ie [that is] start of the summer schedule 2022,” said the order. India had suspended international flights for the first time in March 2020 and began operating air bubble arrangements since July 2020. 
  • As of February 28, 2022, India has extended its suspension of scheduled international flights “till further orders”. 
  • India rolled back its intention to resume normal international flight schedules from December due to the emergence of the Omicron COVID variant. On December 9, 2021, the civil aviation regulator announced announced the postponement of international scheduled commercial flights till February 28, 2022. Air bubble and evacuation flights schedules, approved flights, and air cargo will function.

India releases periodic guidelines for international passengers coming into India based on the trajectory of the COVID-19 pandemic and emergence of regional variants and their threat assessment. The latest travel guidelines for international arrivals to India were released on February 10, 2022 (and supersede previous notifications): https://www.mohfw.gov.in/pdf/GuidelinesforInternationalarrivalsupdatedon10thFebruary2022.pdf

  • The Air Suvidha portal for submission of Self Declaration Form, which is mandatory: https://www.newdelhiairport.in/airsuvidha/apho-registration 

For evacuation flight schedule Phase 14 (October 1, 2021 to March 26, 2022), see Air India Vande Bharat Mission here (download PDF): https://www.airindia.in/images/pdf/VBM-schedule-dtd-30sep2021-PHASE14.pdf . The evacuation mission has been in place since May 7, 2020. For destinations operated under air bubble arrangement Phase 13 ( September 1, 2021 to September 30, 2021), click here for PDF download .

  • As of April 15, 2021, the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) has restored electronic visa (e-visa) facility for foreigners from 156 countries. The e-visa facility is applicable for international tourists who wish to visit India for conferences, medical purposes, or business. The e-visa also extends to medical attendants.

Air Transport Bubbles

India has also established “Transport Bubbles” or “Air Travel Arrangements”, which are temporary arrangements between two countries aimed at restarting commercial passenger services when regular international flights are suspended as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. They are reciprocal in nature, meaning airlines from both countries enjoy similar benefits.

The details of such arrangements were last updated in February 2022.

India now has 37 air bubble arrangements in place: Afghanistan, Australia, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Canada, Ethiopia, Finland, France, Germany, Iraq, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kyrgyzstan, Kuwait, Maldives, Mauritius, Nepal, Netherlands, Nigeria, Oman, Qatar, Russia, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Seychelles, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Switzerland, Tanzania, Thailand, Ukraine, UAE, UK, USA, and Uzbekistan.

More details can be seen on the government website here: https://www.civilaviation.gov.in/en/about-air-transport-bubbles 

  • Full service carrier Vistara has started non-stop flight services to Paris from Delhi under the air bubble agreement between India and Europe, according to reporting from The Economic Times . Under the air bubble pact, Vistara’s Boeing 787-9 (Dreamliner) aircraft will fly twice a week between Delhi and Paris – on Wednesday and Sunday. London, Frankfurt, Dubai, Doha, Sharjah, and Male are the other international destinations covered by Vistara, which is a joint venture between Tata Sons and Singapore Airlines.
  • The US will be lifting travel restrictions on foreign countries from November 8, Monday. Travelers must show proof of vaccination (WHO-approved vaccines); unvaccinated minors will be subject to testing requirements; and all travelers will need to show proof of a negative COVID-19 test 72 hours before departure to the US. See here for Reuters coverage of the changing rules.
  • Air India will offer non-stop flights between Delhi and Sydney starting November 15, 2021. Air India will operate the thrice-a-week service on the Delhi-Sydney-Delhi route under the Vande Bharat Mission. Australia has also formally recognized Covaxin, India’s COVID-19 vaccine.
  • India’s new visa norms stipulate that visas will be granted to foreigners only if they use water and air routes, not land routes. The Ministry of Home Affairs has allowed the gradual resumption of international travel to start from October 15, 2021 and tourist and e-visas will be issued for only a single entry per month. From November 15, all individual foreign nationals (on fresh tourist visas) will be allowed to enter India after observing prevailing COVID-19 protocols as notified by the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare. 
  • The Union Home Ministry announced on Thursday that India will allow foreign tourists traveling by chartered flights (Vande Bharat and air bubble flights) from October 15, rest from November 15, 2021. Foreigner tourists will be allowed to come in on non-charter flights from November 15 unless the extended restrictions on scheduled flights is substantially lifted. See the Home Ministry’s press briefing here  and reporting by the Economic Times here .
  • The Hindustan Times reporting on October 2 : “Australia’s visiting trade and tourism minister Dan Tehan said foreign students will be able to start “returning towards the end of this year and the beginning of next year”, ahead of the start of the first semester in February-March 2022. The Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) of Australia listed Covishield and China’s Coronavac (Sinovac) as “recognised vaccines” after an initial assessment of data on protection offered by the two jabs.”
  • CoWin, India’s digital platform for COVID-19 vaccination, is allowing travelers to download an international version of their COVID-19 vaccine certificate, which is compliant with WHO’s international travel guidelines. This feature went live on September 30, 2021, and allows fully vaccinated individuals to update their existing photo identity to passport number and date of birth to get their International Travel Certificate. See website: https://www.cowin.gov.in/
  • The Indian Bureau of Immigration noted the specific categories of foreign nationals who are permitted to enter India by water routes or by flights, including those under the Vande Bharat Mission, or ‘Air Bubble’ (Bilateral Air Travel Arrangements) Scheme, or by any non-scheduled commercial flights as allowed by the Ministry of Civil Aviation in its notice MHA O.M. No.25022/24/2020-F.V/F.I dated October 21, 2020. See here for reference.
  • Air India has said it will run direct services between Muscat and Vijayawada “once a week or thrice from the first week of July”. The Vijayawada International Airport resumed international flights to Gulf destinations, such as Dubai, Kuwait, Muscat in June, to Singapore in April.
  • Budget carrier Air India Express will operate a total of 64 flights between Malaysia and India in July under Vande Bharat Mission. More below.
  • Foreign nationals who wish to travel to India for medical treatment can apply for a fresh visa under this category and choose one attendant to accompany them as per the visa category provisions (that is, if the original applicant has their medical visa approved).
  • On October 8, 2020, India’s civil aviation authority said the future of international flights will depend on the availability of a vaccine, hinting at the extension of air travel bubble arrangements into March-April next year.
  • Low-cost carrier SpiceJet announces its new flight operations connecting Delhi and Mumbai with London, starting December 4, which will come under the India-UK air bubble agreement.
  • New standard operating protocol announced August 22, 2020 for non-scheduled commercial flights under the repatriation scheme, Vande Bharat Mission, and Air Transport Bubble Agreements.

(Note: This article was originally published on August 4, 2020 and last updated on February 10, 2023.)

India Briefing  is produced by  Dezan Shira & Associates . The firm assists foreign investors throughout Asia from offices across the world, including in  Delhi  and  Mumbai . Readers may write to   [email protected]  for business support in India.

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Us eases covid-19 travel advisory for india from 'level 3' to 'level 1'.

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"The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has issued a Level 1 Travel Health Notice due to COVID-19, indicating a low level of COVID-19 in the country. Your risk of contracting COVID-19 and developing severe symptoms may be lower if you are fully vaccinated with an FDA authorized vaccine," the US department of state said in a statement.

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  • Section 2 - Interactions Between Travel Vaccines & Drugs
  • Section 2 - Travelers’ Diarrhea

Yellow Fever Vaccine & Malaria Prevention Information, by Country

Cdc yellow book 2024.

Author(s): Mark Gershman, Rhett Stoney (Yellow Fever) Holly Biggs, Kathrine Tan (Malaria)

The following pages present country-specific information on yellow fever (YF) vaccine requirements and recommendations, and malaria transmission information and prevention recommendations. Country-specific maps are included to aid in interpreting the information. The information in this chapter was accurate at the time of publication; however, it is subject to change at any time due to changes in disease transmission or, in the case of YF, changing entry requirements for travelers. Updated information reflecting changes since publication can be found in the online version of this book and on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Travelers’ Health website. Recommendations for prevention of other travel-associated illnesses can also be found on the CDC Travelers’ Health website .

Yellow Fever Vaccine

Entry requirements.

Entry requirements for proof of YF vaccination under the International Health Regulations (IHR) differ from CDC’s YF vaccination recommendations. Under the IHR, countries are permitted to establish YF vaccine entry requirements to prevent the importation and transmission of YF virus within their boundaries. Certain countries require proof of vaccination from travelers arriving from all countries ( Table 5-25 ); some countries require proof of vaccination only for travelers above a certain age coming from countries with risk for YF virus transmission. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines areas with risk for YF virus transmission as countries or areas where YF virus activity has been reported currently or in the past, and where vectors and animal reservoirs exist.

Unless issued a medical waiver by a yellow fever vaccine provider, travelers must comply with entry requirements for proof of vaccination against YF.

WHO publishes a list of YF vaccine country entry requirements and recommendations for international travelers approximately annually. But because entry requirements are subject to change at any time, health care professionals and travelers should refer to the online version of this book and the CDC Travelers’ Health website for any updates before departure.

CDC Recommendations

CDC’s YF vaccine recommendations are guidance intended to protect travelers from acquiring YF virus infections during international travel. These recommendations are based on a classification system for destination-specific risk for YF virus transmission: endemic, transitional, low potential for exposure, and no risk ( Table 2-08 ). CDC recommends YF vaccination for travel to areas classified as having endemic or transitional risk (Maps 5-10 and 5-11 ). Because of changes in YF virus circulation, however, recommendations can change; therefore, before departure, travelers and clinicians should check CDC’s destination pages for up-to-date YF vaccine information.

Duration of Protection

In 2015, the US Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices published a recommendation that 1 dose of YF vaccine provides long-lasting protection and is adequate for most travelers. The recommendation also identifies specific groups of travelers who should receive additional doses, and others for whom additional doses should be considered (see Sec. 5, Part 2, Ch. 26, Yellow Fever ). In July 2016, WHO officially amended the IHR to stipulate that a completed International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis is valid for the lifetime of the vaccinee, and YF vaccine booster doses are not necessary. Moreover, countries cannot require proof of revaccination (booster) against YF as a condition of entry, even if the traveler’s last vaccination was >10 years ago.

Ultimately, when deciding whether to vaccinate travelers, clinicians should take into account destination-specific risks for YF virus infection, and individual risk factors (e.g., age, immune status) for serious YF vaccine–associated adverse events, in the context of the entry requirements. See Sec. 5, Part 2, Ch. 26, Yellow Fever , for a full discussion of YF disease and vaccination guidance.

Table 2-08 Yellow fever (YF) vaccine recommendation categories 1

Malaria prevention.

The following recommendations to protect travelers from malaria were developed using the best available data from multiple sources. Countries are not required to submit malaria surveillance data to CDC. On an ongoing basis, CDC actively solicits data from multiple sources, including WHO (main and regional offices); national malaria control programs; international organizations; CDC overseas offices; US military; academic, research, and aid organizations; and the published scientific literature. The reliability and accuracy of those data are also assessed.

If the information is available, trends in malaria incidence and other data are considered in the context of malaria control activities within a given country or other mitigating factors (e.g., natural disasters, wars, the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic) that can affect the ability to control malaria or accurately count and report it. Factors such as the volume of travel to that country and the number of acquired cases reported in the US surveillance system are also examined. In developing its recommendations, CDC considers areas within countries where malaria transmission occurs, substantial occurrences of antimalarial drug resistance, the proportions of species present, and the available malaria prophylaxis options.

Clinicians should use these recommendations in conjunction with an individual risk assessment and consider not only the destination but also the detailed itinerary, including specific cities, types of accommodations, season, and style of travel, as well as special health conditions (e.g., pregnancy). Several medications are available for malaria prophylaxis. When deciding which drug to use, consider the itinerary and length of trip, travelers’ previous adverse reactions to antimalarials, drug allergies, medical history, and drug costs. For a thorough discussion of malaria and guidance for prophylaxis, see Sec. 5, Part 3, Ch. 16, Malaria .

  • Arrive within 6 days of leaving an area with risk for YF virus transmission, or
  • Have been in such an area in transit (exception: passengers and members of flight crews who, while in transit through an airport in an area with risk for YF virus transmission, remained in the airport during their entire stay and the health officer agrees to such an exemption), or
  • Arrive on a ship that started from or touched at any port in an area with risk for YF virus transmission ≤30 days before its arrival in India, unless such a ship has been disinsected in accordance with the procedure recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO), or
  • Arrive on an aircraft that has been in an area with risk for YF virus transmission and has not been disinsected in accordance with the Indian Aircraft Public Health Rules, 1954, or as recommended by WHO.
  • Africa: Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Sudan, Sudan, Togo, Uganda
  • Americas: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad & Tobago (Trinidad only), Venezuela

CDC recommendations : Not recommended

  • Throughout the country, including the cities of Bombay (Mumbai) and New Delhi (the capital)
  • No malaria transmission in areas >2,000 m (≈6,500 ft) elevation in Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, or Sikkim
  • Chloroquine
  • P. vivax (50%)
  • P. falciparum (>40%)
  • P. malariae and P. ovale  (rare)
  • Atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, mefloquine, tafenoquine 3

Other Vaccines to Consider

See Health Information for Travelers to India .

1 Current as of November 2022. This is an update of the 2010 map created by the Informal WHO Working Group on the Geographic Risk of Yellow Fever.

2 Refers to Plasmodium falciparum malaria, unless otherwise noted.

3 Tafenoquine can cause potentially life-threatening hemolysis in people with glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency. Rule out G6PD deficiency with a quantitative laboratory test before prescribing tafenoquine to patients.

4 Mosquito avoidance includes applying topical mosquito repellant, sleeping under an insecticide-treated mosquito net, and wearing protective clothing (e.g., long pants and socks, long-sleeve shirt). For additional details on insect bite precautions, see Sec. 4, Ch. 6, Mosquitoes, Ticks & Other Arthropods.

5 Primaquine can cause potentially life-threatening hemolysis in people with G6PD deficiency. Rule out G6PD deficiency with a quantitative laboratory test before prescribing primaquine to patients.

6 P. knowlesi is a malaria species with a simian (macaque) host. Human cases have been reported from most countries in Southwest Asia and are associated with activities in forest or forest-fringe areas. P. knowlesi has no known resistance to antimalarials.

Yellow Fever Maps

2 In 2017, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) expanded its YF vaccination recommendations for travelers going to Brazil because of a large YF outbreak in multiple states in that country. Please refer to the CDC  Travelers’ Health website for more information and updated recommendations.

3 YF vaccination is generally not recommended for travel to areas where the potential for YF virus exposure is low. Vaccination might be considered, however, for a small subset of travelers going to these areas who are at increased risk for exposure to YF virus due to prolonged travel, heavy exposure to mosquitoes, or inability to avoid mosquito bites. Factors to consider when deciding whether to vaccinate a traveler include destination-specific and travel-associated risks for YF virus infection; individual, underlying risk factors for having a serious YF vaccine–associated adverse event; and destination entry requirements.

The following authors contributed to the previous version of this chapter: Mark D. Gershman, Emily S. Jentes, Rhett J. Stoney (Yellow Fever) Kathrine R. Tan, Paul M. Arguin (Malaria)

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