taboo against overseas travel

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Foreign Travel Was Once Taboo for American Presidents

By: Becky Little

Updated: July 10, 2023 | Original: November 6, 2017

One of the jobs of being a modern U.S. president is to make official state visits abroad. In the 21st century, presidents visit dozens of countries by the end of their respective terms. Yet during the 1800s, the idea of a U.S. president making even one or two international visits—let alone over 50—was unheard of.

Part of the reason early presidents didn’t leave the country has to do with the transportation available at the time. It took Woodrow Wilson, one of the first presidents to make an official visit abroad, nine days to sail to Europe in 1918. Four decades later, it only took Dwight D. Eisenhower nine hours to make the same trip by jet, notes scholar Richard Ellis in his book Presidential Travel .

But slow transportation wasn’t the sole reason 19th century presidents stayed in the U.S. As Ellis—a professor of politics at Willamette University—writes in his book, there was also a strong taboo against presidents going abroad and associating with European monarchs.

“The taboo against foreign travel by a president owed its staying power to the continuing hold that the republican fear of monarchical pomp and power had on the American imagination,” he writes . “A president who traveled abroad, Americans feared, would be invited to visit palaces and courts, to exchange pleasantries and genuflections with kings and queens.”

Tizoc Chavez , a political science professor at Vanderbilt University, says that Americans weren’t necessarily worried that the president would want more executive power after meeting with kings; but rather that, in meeting with monarchs, “he would degrade America’s image as being free and separate from the old world.”

Domestic travel, which allowed the president to connect with voters, seemed much more appropriate than trips to other places. In fact, the custom of not leaving the continental U.S. was so ingrained, Chavez says, that Ulysses S. Grant apparently thought there was some kind of law that presidents couldn’t go abroad.

This all began to change in 1906, when Teddy Roosevelt visited the construction of the Panama Canal. It was the first time a U.S. president had made a diplomatic trip to another country, and it paved the way for presidential travel to play a role in international relations.

Roosevelt’s trip wasn’t too controversial because he was overseeing a U.S. project (it was also his only trip abroad as president). In contrast, Republicans in Congress greatly criticized Democrat Woodrow Wilson’s two-month trip to Europe at the end of World War I. According to them, it was a sign that Wilson was focusing too much on foreign issues at the expense of his duties to the country. Chavez says Congress even tried to pass a law transferring the president’s power to the vice president when Wilson was abroad (it didn’t pass).

Even Franklin Delano Roosevelt’s attendance of the 1945 Yalta Conference—where the Allied leaders met with Stalin—was criticized, though mostly after he’d died and the Cold War had begun. This is because some people viewed it as an instance in which “a weak sickly Roosevelt sold out eastern Europe and helped lead to the Cold War,” Chavez says.

Although the United States’ global role expanded after World War II, international diplomacy still wasn’t seen as a necessary part of the president’s duties; and Yalta became one more example of why presidents should probably stay at home. Presidents over the next couple of decades carefully framed their international visits as goodwill missions, not negotiating trips.

Chavez says this situation slowly evolved over time. One of the major moments in this transformation was Richard Nixon’s trip to China in 1972, which his administration still framed as an opening of relations rather than an act of diplomacy.

In the “post-WWII, Cold War environment,” he says, “the idea that America is this leader of the free world and the president needs to be active” in the world helped make presidential trips abroad more normal. Instead of a distraction from his Constitutional duties, diplomacy has now evolved into something that is, itself, a presidential responsibility.

Gradually, Americans became “more comfortable with this idea that our president needs to be doing this,” Chavez says. “He can’t just stay home.”

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Foreign Travel Banned for Brahmins

Posted by The Editor | Aug 28, 2015 | Articles on Hinduism  | 17,672 views

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Hindu Dharma Sastras (ancient law books) ban foreign travel. Crossing the sea was a taboo in those days. There were reasons for it. But great Brahmins like Agastya and Kaundinya travelled to South East Asia and established a Hindu empire which lasted 1300 years in Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Philippines, Malaysia, Singapore and Indonesia. I have written a lot about it my earlier posts.

His Holiness Sachidananda Siva Abhinava Narasimha Bharati Svaminah of Sringeri Mutt (33rd Head of Sringeri Shankara Mutt) answered a devotee’s question on the ban on orthodox Hindus travelling abroad.

Some gentlemen pleaded with His Holiness for relaxation of the rules prohibiting foreign travel and urged the great need and the advantages of such travel in the interests of the welfare and advancement of our country.

Brahmanyam is the highest asset of a Brahmana and for preserving it he is asked not to mix with all and sundry people even in this land whose contact or company is likely to affect the Brahmanyam. How can a Brahmana then be permitted to go to foreign lands and stay there with people of quite different tastes, tendencies and habits? No kind of expiatory rite can completely eradicate the effect of such contact. So the Sastras do not permit free intercourse as before with one who has returned from foreign lands though he may have performed some expiation ceremony. It is in no sense cruel to have such segregation. Though we equally love all the portions of our body, do we not allow some portions to be operated upon and even removed if we find that they are likely to affect the general health of the whole body? It may be a painful process but is a necessary one. Similarly a person who has seriously impaired or lost his Brahmanyam is sure to affect the purity of others and nothing wrong in segregating him from the main society.

It will be well to bear in mind that the prohibition as regards foreign travel applies only to the small communities of Brahmana, Kshatriya, Vaisya collectively called Dvijas and not to Sudras and other castes which form the overwhelming majority in our society. Let the latter take to foreign travel and the former encourage and help them. If they do so, this will incidentally reduce the heart burning and hatred caused by the Brahmanas competing with others in all fields of worldly enterprise.

If it is said that the Brahmanas particularly are required for foreign travel by reason of their superior intelligence, quick grasp of new ideas, power of adjustment to circumstances etc., we must recollect that this superior capacity is not the result of physical labour but only of their habits of self restraint, strict adherence to the Sastras, frequent exercise of their intellect in the pursuit of subtle problems of life and more so of their inborn state of contentment.

If the Brahmana is allowed to give up all these and join in the race for worldly prosperity and imbibe the spirit of discontent, the superiority will vanish in no time and he will be just like others and sometimes even inferior to them. It is therefore dangerous to try to dilute and ultimately eradicate Brahmanyam from our land and make the Brahmanas remain so only in name to be treated with contempt.”

From the book ‘Golden Sayings’,1969 publication by Sri Jnanantha Grantha Prakasana Samiti, Thenkarai, Madurai District.

Swaminathan comments: What Swamiji said several decades ago is very true. It is a bitter truth that we are not ready to admit. No one will follow Swamiji’s advice. We have hundreds of excuses to put forth before him. But the religious heads cant dilute the Satras. I myself have noticed the following changes during my 27 year stay in London:

1. We can’t follow all the rituals in foreign countries which we followed in India.

2. Our sons and daughters are not following or believing what we believed when we were young.

3. Every family got marital connection with a Non Hindu. The minute it happened, their entire tone changed and began to talk about “universal brotherhood!”

4. Names of Sri Lankan and Mauritian Tamil children have been distorted beyond recognition. By the third generation they didn’t even understand their names. Neither do their parents! When they followed false numerology their names got wrong and negative connotations.

5. The Non residents did not see anything wrong in religious conversions.

6. They did not attend their parent’s funerals for the fear of losing their asylum status.

7. Most of the youths lost their roots and forgot their mother tongue. Most of their religious hymns are in their mother tongue. When they read them through Roman letters they sounded awkward.

8. Few old people have become mental patients because of cultural and religious conflicts in their families.

9. Children who are born to couples belonging to two different religions feel like rudderless ships!

10. First generation forget their mother tongue. By second generation, they forget their culture. By third generation they forget their religion. By fourth generation they are rootless and feel like rudderless ships. Since their parents also forgot most of their language and culture they are unable to help their children

11. The writer can give hundreds of incidents to substantiate the above statement. Very few Brahmins do Sandhya Vandhana three times a day and monthly rituals like Tharpanam. Going to temples is rarer.

12. We must see His Holiness in the right context. He advised Brahmins to be content and be the torch bearers of religion and culture like in the olden days. You and I look at present day and care for our family and our friends, but Shankaracharyas and saints like him look at future and care about generations to come.

Source: tamilandvedas.com

27 Comments

I do not understand how Kshatriyas (Rajputs) would not have been allowed to travel abroad, when their very life was devoted to protection of the country against marauders. Even in Lord Rama and Lord Krishna’s time – they had to go overseas to eradicate evil. Broadly speaking, most (if not all) of the Incarnations of the Lord, were to Kshatriya lineages and not Brahmin.

For those of us who still have some residual attachment to old values the article may be seen as timely reminder. But Kaliyuga being what it is and IT industry contributing its might to kill brahminism and Religious institutional heads encouraging silently overseas travel because of large monetary support they benefit from their overseas Indian devotees is there hope trend will reverse?

Shankaracharya Sri Chandrasekhar Swami mentions that California derives its name from Kapila Aranya, implying that thaw Sage had his aranya there.

Beautiful article. 100% true. The solution would be for Brahmins abroad to do their Nithya karmas, Pithru karmas and to remain rooted to brahminism. By doing this and by cleansing themselves and also Brahmins living in Hindustan changing their lifestyle and returning to Brahminism, only then can the rot be reversed. Many Brahmins are suffering today because the last 4-5 generations of Brahmins have failed their Dharmik duties. Just being born as a Brahmin isn’t enough. Living like a true sattvic Brahmin and being proud of Brahminism is important. Sadly most Brahmins these days are ashamed and apologetic about their great roots. Hopefully things will change…

By an NRI Brahmin who is proud of being a Brahmin and who lives by Brahmin traditions even abroad.

Who are pushkarna brahmins

It is true in long ago. But now number of swamiji’s have ashrams in foreign countries like USA, UK, Canada and so. Many indian people are setteled in other countries, and marry their women. Mainly Brahmins marry other sect of women in India and other countries too. Brahminism lives in purity, truth and kindness. Those who have these 3 values they all are Brahmins. not only indians but all people.

Every family now has someone settled abroad and also inter religion marriage is very common. It is saddening to see our roots and culture getting lost.

Your article is good and it is true. We lost touch of our Brahminism. Parents have to do daily so children will follow.

My experience is different. I, being a Brahmin did not find any problem in performing my daily rituals in a foreign land. Only in some countries you have an electric deepak and hotel do not permit you to light the agarbhattis due to smoke alarm.

Disgusting! who are real brahmins by deeds? only a few! It is not enough to be born as Brahmin but must follow steps enshrined for them. Almost all have abandoned this & still claim to be brahmin. They do a lot of adharma as others do, even when they are in India. on the contrary those who are settled abroad practice Brahman dharma better. Though it was rightly said but no takers today! All practising brahmins, musicians, singers travel widely to make money like others. So forget what is said or written do what one likes.

All the points listed are rightfully correct but none of them are followed. May be because there is no Guruparampara system of teaching. Unless we revive the system and revive the status of Sanscit we are doomed and live like orphans under mlechas. Just following the rituals though not in perfection will not solve the problem. As told in numerous situations Brahmana is to be poor materially but rich in knowledge. But it is reverse now. Another point of interest is that the top three classes are of Devine. But it is vysya class which is responsible blew for all the troubles. I make this statement when vysya means the trader on world map. There should be a complete revival if India has to lead. Since the designated classes are not following the system why the ritvijas are to be selected on birth class? Why not adopt from other lower classes and train them from young age? What was the caste of Viswamitra and Valmiki?

You should mention the so-called ancient sastras that proscribe foreign travel by Brahmins. This is a foolish article written by an unenlightened mind living in the narrowest corridors of the Hindu intellectual and spiritual mansion. The author should first understand who a Brahmin is. For this purpose he should read the Upanishads especially Brhadaranyaka (3.8.10) and also Gita 18.42. He should learn the principles enunciated in the same Upanishad at 1.4.7, 2.15.1 to 2.15.14, 3.7.1 to 3.7.23, 3.8.8, 4.4.22; Chandogya 6.8.7, etc so that he will understand what he is, with reference to other beings. A true Brahmin will live among other beings without the fear of being negatively influenced. He is so strong. He does not discriminate against his fellow beings. He sees the equality lying behind all diversities. The type of Brahmins mentioned in the article are mere cowards and embodiments of ignorance. Nobody becomes a Brahmin solely because he wears a sacred thread or he is born of such a thread-wearer. Person who boasts of being a Brahmin is a cheat.

The Vedas say antarksha gaccha, samudra gaccha dyavaprithivi etc etc, travel in space travel across the oceans and on land. The teachings of the Vedas are for all people. Therefore foreign travel is for all people. The christian missionaries followed their masters to all countries and spread christianity. The same story is about islam. But the hindu priests did not go out of india because of the stupid belief that foreign travel is banned. The disciples of Gotam Buddha and Svami Dayanand were the first to cross the seas and kindle the light of Dharma in other countries.

The question of “foreign travel” is quite vague as termed in this article. If you want to consider seers travelling to Manasarovar, they are actually travelling to china, so are they no more considered brahmins!? Historical accounts indicate that the Vikramaditya’s kingdom spread to the middle-east on the west and southeast asia in the east, so what is then called as foreign travel? Nobody is even able to define what is the meaning of “Jambu Dvipam” as pronounced in the sankalpam. When the majority of brahmins undertake office and other works for livelihood what is then the way out for them? If they are not brahmins what caste do they belong to?

There was a time when it was said that Brahmins should not cross seven seas or if he crosses he should not or need not perform our religious rites like Tarpanam. But in the present context it is extremely difficult to accept or adhere to it. We can have one or two Sankaracharyas who will be the guiding light for the masses. If every body practices “Progitam ” How will the Brahmins Survive. Today Vaadyars in certain cities are sought after because they are patronized by Industrialised Brahmins and other educated Brahmins who earn a good income and keep up our Traditions. Even in India a lot of 60 plus Brahmins do not perform sandhya vandan and other religious rites. Brahmin children do not know to speak their mother tongue let alone read and write. My suggestion is to educate middle aged and young Brahmins of the the richness of our culture and persuade them to keep up our Tradition. It can not survive as in the times of rishis but in a modified form where in people choose their Profession and donot give up their roots

I agree that once a Brahamana goes out of the country he looses his Brahmanya. During my stay abroad, Sandhyavandana was performed as though I was in India. No hotel food or eating other than home cooked food. My age of about 60 and hence Brahmacharanam was followed strictly.

In the above circumstances, after my return to India, what are the things one has to follow to start the original life. No doubt, the nearness to HIM after my return is reduced and not able to do pooja as originally.

There are some strong statements in this article and need documentation. Who wrote this article? Can you tell me exactly where in the Hindu Dharma Sastras you found that foreign travel is prohibited for the Brahmanas? Please be very specific. Thanks.

It is an eyeopener. Absolutely true..!

It is too sad to say Brahmins should not travel abroad. Never ever there is any restriction on travel or teachings in Hinduism. TEERTH Yatra were introduced for the purpose so that people can interact and learn different traditions, food, dress , see different art in temples etc. Brahmin is not a caste or clan etc. it means Know about Brahm..knowledgeable person . Four Varna are guna quality in every Human being. Brahmin ( mouth / Head), Vaishya from throat to waist, Kshatriy two hands, Shudr (two feet). If feeet are bad why we prostrate we bow down take blessings from elders and from sants touching their feet. even Mahtma Budha (Hindu Prince Sidharath) went to teach Gyan and spread Hinduism in china, Japan,far east etc.. When you share knowledge it increase knowledge of both giver and listener. You have one mouth two ears. so Ganesh idol was introduced as perfect GOD ..qualities. That is the reason you find more and more books in Hinduism. no other religion or place you can find such a great knowledge. Even Bhagwan Ram traveled from Ayodhya to Sri Lanka. There is no restriction in Hinduism. Human are born free unlike animals Birds etc.

The most logical and factual reason not just the Brahmins, but anyone else should not leave their ancestral land is the threat of losing their original genetic heritage…many are unaware of the dangers mixmarriages imposing on the future generation…children of mix heritage are most likely to suffer many chronic diseases and genetic defects…mainstream science is not gonna tell you this coz the giant players of the ‘PYRAMID’ masonic corporations will lose out alot wealth wise…the United Nation is their Chartered body to spread races and displace natives from their lands…they spread the ‘universal brotherhood BS propoganda…we are taught in every religion not to hate nor judge others…if one chooses not to leave his land it does not mean he looks at others differently…the brainwashing and psychological conditioning thru educational indoctrination using the anti-racial slogan banner has been so far successful in scattering people across the globe…what a mess!!

Namastey to everyone. Thank you sir for this site; you’ve taught us so much; everything that you’ve said is so true. My parents were second generation and they never spoke Hindi with us or taught us Hindi. They only spoke Hindi with their friends and siblings. I learned the whole Hanuman Chalisa (40 verses) but never knew the meaning until I bought a book with English translation. My parents taught us our Hindi prayers but never told us what they meant. It’s very sad that it never occur to our parents to teach us something that is so precious and valuable “our mother tongue, our own language”. Anyone can learn any language nowadays but it’s not the same as if you were brought up speaking it from a baby. I learnt a lot from Indian movies and books with English translations so thank God for that. I’m still learning every day. Have a good day and God bless you all.

So true. I have noticed people even the elders who are so rooted to foreign culture don’t even wash their feet after using the washroom.you can imagine the rest.

Yes, good, we need at least one person who has pure knowledge and unbiased knowledge about out root, so that when we are in trouble we can come back to those brahmins and regain our root knowledge

The very word ‘Brahmin’ is of connotative to a privileged caste. I would prefer this word be replaced with either priests/religious teachers. Human race has moved on. We should not live with ‘stone age’ practices(e.g. only Brahmins…). Priests could be trained from all categories of hindus( rich, poor, differing coloured skin, to varying degrees of Hindu religious believers). We are living in the 21st century. We we don’t change, then other religions will take advantage by saying that our religion is inferior for having divisions amongst the religion.It will lead to the lower caste Hindus feeling inferior, and thus moving and accepting other religions such as Christianity, Islam etc. I live in the west and have studied and seen oppression, segregation, prejudice, racism etc between communities. I am a well educated University graduate lecturer and know what I am talking about. Lets all move Hinduism forward to the 21st Century.

Absolutely correct. Also our Mantras are designed keeping in mind the geographical boundaries of Jambudweepa / Bharatavarsha / Bharata Khanda and hence wont have any effect if chanted overseas.

I will regret if my comments hurt any sentiments. I do not have any authority ,neither I know all about Religion. However, I regret to disagree with the discourse. Please enlighten me if all Spiritual and Religion resides only in the Current India and all people staying outside are sinners. According to me the Almighty is one and one must pay the respects to Him and with the current types of leaders in India, even Him might be rethinking.One should be Maharshi Janak only.

Thats why they say “Yasmin Deshe Jadachari”

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50 Most Infamous Taboos From Around the World

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2. cannibalism.

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3. Public nudity

4. burping and farting, 5. eating specific animals, 6. drinking alcohol.

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7. Pork consumption

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 8. Public Displays of Affection (PDA)

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9. Discussing Sex

10. touching someone’s head, 11. whistling at night.

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12. Pointing with your feet

13. leaving chopsticks upright in food.

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14. Shaking hands with the left hand

15. speaking ill of the dead, 16. eating in public during ramadan.

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17. Displaying the soles of your feet

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18. Use your left hand for eating

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19. Wearing shoes indoors

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20. Pointing with one finger

21. talking back to elders, 22. wearing revealing clothing.

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23. Spitting in public

24. using profanity, 25. throwing trash in the sea, 26. disrespecting the national flag, 27. touching someone’s hair without permission, 28. blowing your nose at the table.

Mojpe , CC0, via Wikimedia Commons

29. Not tipping in restaurants

30. clipping nails at night.

Santeri Viinamäki , CC BY-SA 4.0 , via Wikimedia Commons

31. Walking over someone’s legs

32. handing or receiving objects with the left hand, 33. pointing your feet at sacred objects or people, 34. using the “thumbs up” gesture.

User:Drozd , Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

35. Opening an umbrella indoors

36. wearing shoes on the bed, 37. writing a person’s name in red ink, 38. not covering your mouth when coughing or sneezing.

39. Talking during a moment of silence

40. cutting your nails on fridays or tuesdays, 41. giving a clock as a gift.

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42. Whistling in a theater

43. not removing your hat indoors, 44. taking photos of people without permission.

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45. Touching sacred objects without permission

46. not covering your head in a place of worship, 47. refusing food or drink when offered.

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48. Touching a person’s personal belongings without permission

49. discussing personal income or wealth.

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50. Not respecting elders and authority figures

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Cultural Taboos Around the World: Examining What’s Off-Limits and Why

Cultural taboos around the world : examining what 's off-limits and why.

Cultural taboos are a set of unwritten rules that regulate what is considered acceptable or unacceptable in a particular society. These taboos are usually deeply ingrained in the culture and often reflect the values and beliefs of the community. While some taboos may seem strange or irrational to outsiders, they are taken very seriously by those who adhere to them. In this article, we'll explore some of the most interesting cultural taboos from around the world and examine the reasons behind them.

Examples of Taboos Around the World

Taboos can vary widely from culture to culture, and what is considered taboo in one place may be perfectly acceptable in another. For example, in some parts of the world, it is considered taboo to eat certain animals, such as cows or pigs, while in other places, these animals are considered a staple part of the diet . Some other examples of cultural taboos include:

• In many Middle Eastern countries, it is considered taboo for men and women to touch in public.
• In Japan, it is considered taboo to blow your nose in public.
• In some parts of Africa, it is considered taboo to point with your finger or to eat with your left hand.
• In India, it is considered taboo to eat beef, as cows are considered sacred animals.
• In some Native American cultures, it is considered taboo to mention the name of a deceased person.

These are just a few examples of the many cultural taboos that exist around the world.

Understanding the Reasons Behind Taboos

Taboos often have deep cultural or religious roots, and they are often designed to protect the community from harm. For example, the taboo against eating beef in India is rooted in the Hindu belief that cows are sacred animals that should not be harmed or killed. Similarly, the taboo against touching in public in Middle Eastern countries is designed to protect the modesty and honor of women.

In some cases, taboos may also serve a practical purpose. For example, the taboo against blowing your nose in public in Japan may be designed to prevent the spread of germs and disease. The taboo against pointing with your finger in some African cultures may be designed to show respect for others and avoid confrontations.

The Impact of Taboos on Society and Individuals

While cultural taboos can help to maintain social order and protect the community, they can also have negative consequences. For example, taboos against discussing certain topics, such as sex or mental health, can make it difficult for individuals to seek help or support when they need it. Similarly, taboos against certain behaviors, such as homosexuality, can lead to discrimination and prejudice.

Taboos can also create a sense of fear and shame for individuals who violate them. This can lead to a culture of secrecy and deception, where individuals feel the need to hide their true selves or their actions from others. This can be especially damaging for individuals who are struggling with mental health issues or other challenges, as it can prevent them from seeking the help and support they need.

In conclusion, cultural taboos are an important part of many societies around the world. While they can serve a positive purpose in maintaining social order and protecting the community, they can also have negative consequences for individuals and society as a whole. By understanding the reasons behind taboos and their impact on individuals and society, we can work to create a more inclusive and supportive culture that values openness and acceptance.

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Navigation in ancient India and social taboo against overseas travel

T here has been a general belief in the West that ancient Indians were mostly other-worldly and that the average Hindu was mostly enchanted with the idea of an ascetic, all-renouncing and empty philosophical life. They think that the ancient Hindu only believed in the doctrine of Karma and that he had no intention to live and enjoy the comforts of a pleasant mundane life. The basis of this misconceived notion is the insufficient understanding of Indian History, its tradition and culture. It is one thing to pay due tribute to the eminence of ancient Hindus in their magnificent achievements in Philosophy, but to call them other-worldly is to turn a blind eye to their achievements in the various fields of pure and applied sciences like Medicine, Physics, Chemistry, Astronomy, Mathematics, Robotics, Aviation, Navigation and over-seas travel in self-built ships for purposes of trade and commerce and for spreading their ancient culture outside India. In fact, experts believe that the word ‘Navigation’ in English is derived from the Sanskrit word ‘Navika’ which means ‘sailor’ and the word ‘Navika’ has its root in the Sanskrit word ‘Nau’ which means a ship.

The Rigveda, which is considered the very first book of knowledge used by a civilised society, is replete with Vedic mantras (hymns) which confirm and produce irrefutable evidence that Vedic Aryans were experts in the construction of seafaring vessels and that marine trade across the seas was quite common. The Vedic people regarded sea as a repository of wealth (Samudra Lakshmi). The enterprising merchants were going out on long sea-voyages in their locally built ships in search of marine wealth and they were completely acquainted with the treasures of the sea. There existed a flourishing maritime trade between India and other foreign countries. The purpose was not merely one of trade and commerce but also to spread the tenets of India’s Sanathana Dharma across the globe by carrying with them ancient scriptures like the Vedas and the Upanishads. Ananda Coomaraswamy, the great art historian and indologist of the 20th century, in one of his works writes:

“We may be sure that people, who performed Vedic rituals and chanted the Vedic mantras, actually possessed horses and self-built ships, had experience of crossing the seas in ships and tilled the soil themselves.”

India has been extremely lucky in that its situation on the globe has been conducive to maritime trade. It is situated at the central point of the ocean that washes its coast on three sides, seemed destined very early for a maritime future. Apart from the several references to navigation in ancient India in the Vedic times, the Ramayana refers to two islands namely Yavana Dweepa and Suvarna Dweepa (Java and Sumatra) and to the Red Sea as well. Kalidasa’s famous drama ‘Abhijnana Shakuntalam’, King Harsha’s drama ‘Ratnavali’, ‘Shishupalavadha’ of poet Magha, all these relate stories of sea voyages of merchants and others. Several other early literary works are replete with stories of sea voyages by ancient Hindus. The famous historian R. C. Majumdar states, “The representation of ship on a seal indicates maritime activity, and there is enough evidence to show that the people of the Sindhu valley carried on trade not only with other parts of India, but also with several centres of culture in Western Asia, and with Egypt and Greece”.

Indian traders would set sail from the port of Mahabalipuram (Tamil Nadu), carrying with them cinnamon, pepper and their civilisation and culture to the shores of Java, Cambodia and Bali. It has been proved beyond doubt by the research works of even so many other foreign scholars that the Indians of the past were not, stay-at-home people, but went out of their country for exploration, trade and conquest.

Internationally famous Sanskrit scholar from Madras, Dr. V. Raghavan in his book – An Anthology on Aspects of Indian Culture says, “In ancient days, Indians went out by land routes as well as by sea routes and from the evidence of early literature and sculpture, they appear to have been a vigorous shipbuilding and sea-faring people. A Tamil proverb says: “Cross the surging seas and gather your riches”. Continuing further, Dr. Raghavan says, “According to Aristotle’s music pupil Aristoxenus, Indian philosophers were seen in Athens interviewing Socrates. Voyages to Alexandria were most common in India and there were Indians living in Alexandria in the first century of the Christian era.”

That there has been enough navigation expertise in India right from Vedic days is evident from other historical records also. The excavations and the researches conducted at the Mohenjadaro and Harappan civilisation sites have established long distance marine trade contacts between India, West Asia, and South East Asia etc. In fact one of the subjects taught in the Takshashila University (now called Taxila), the first university in the world established in 600 BC was called “Nowka Shastra” (Science of navigation). Even the travelogues of the Chinese pilgrims like Fa-Hien and Huein-tsang, the Rock Edicts of Emperor Ashoka, the writings of Megasthenes and a host of other records clearly establish India’s expertise in navigation and ship-building from ancient times.

Sometime in the 19th century and early part of the 20th century a myth started gaining ground that if a Brahmin crosses the sea and goes overseas, he becomes polluted and that on his return he should undergo some propitiatory ceremony (Prayaschitta as it is called in Sanskrit) to get purified and return to the society. It may be recalled that after his return from the West, Swami Vivekananda who carried the message of Sanathana Dharma to the West and was highly applauded by them, was not allowed entry to the Puri Jagannatha Temple because the priest held that he had ceased to be a Hindu Brahmin after crossing the black water (Kala Pani). It is difficult to pinpoint how and when this myth came into force. We do not find any scriptural authority prohibiting overseas travel at any time in India’s history. Even in the historical times our ancestors crossed the high seas and spread our culture and civilisation in several foreign countries like the Far East and Middle East. Even today we find Brahmins and other castes, the remnants of our ancient culture and civilisation in Thailand, Sumatra, Java, Cambodia and so many other places.

This myth, with no scriptural sanction, receded to the background with the advent of Swami Vivekananda at the end of the 19th century, particularly with his visit to Chicago in 1893. While Swamiji’s journeys to the West had considerable impact on several aspects of the general Indian outlook on life, one notable aspect was the imprint he left on the Sea Voyage Movement which had started in some parts of India and which was totally opposed to the taboo that a Hindu is defiled by crossing the seas. Even before Swamiji made up his mind to travel to the distant shores, The Hindu writing on the Sea Voyage Movement said almost prophetically, “Bold and fearless examples are wanted more than anything else. Such of us who have means and other facilities must make it a point to travel to foreign countries across the seas”.

After Swamiji’s glorious performance at the Parliament of Religions at Chicago in September 1893, his name had become a household word in India. On 18 May 1895, the famous journalist from Calcutta, Sri Surendranath Banerjee, wrote an editorial in his paper Bengalee entitled ‘Swami Vivekananda on the Sea Voyage Movement’. The paper said “There is not a Hindoo who is not proud of Swami Vivekananda—who would not honour him and his teachings. He has done honour to himself, to his race and his religion.”Quoting abundantly from a speech which Swamiji delivered at Calcutta on 18 November 1894 wherein his explicit views favouring overseas journeys are enumerated, the editorial remarks, “It is something to know that so high an authority and so good a Hindoo as Swami Vivekananda supports travel to foreign countries. A time has come when a practical step should be taken to hasten forward the solution to a question which is fraught with such great good to the country.”

Swami Vivekananda passed away on 4 July 1902. Playing glowing tributes to the farsightedness of Swami Vivekananda, Lokamanya Tilak in his own Marathi newspaper The Mahratta (founded in Poona in 1881) wrote on 13 July 1902, “It was his (Swami Vivekananda’s) ambition to carry his mission to distant lands, and in this respect he excelled the greatest Bengalee reformer, Raja Ram Mohan Roy.” “We cannot do,” Tilak continued, “without the world outside India. It was our foolishness we thought we could, and we have paid penalty by about a thousand years of slavery. All such foolish ideals that Indians must not go out of India are childish. They must be knocked on the head. The more you go out and travel among the nations of the world, the better for you and your country.”

B.M.N. Murthy

The writer, a Retired Chief Engineer from the Life Insurance Corporation of India, is a prolific writer. He writes regularly on Indian heritage, tradition, vedic wisdom, etc. If you wish to be on his mailing list, contact him at [email protected][/column]

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Taboos & Prohibitions: What You Shouldn’t Do In Different Countries Of The World

People say, when in Rome, do as the Romans do. What is perfectly normal in one country may cause sidelong glances or even worse in another. Therefore, when traveling abroad, it is worth understanding what actions it is better to refrain from.

Cover your head, bare your legs

Contrary to popular belief, most countries in the world are already accustomed to foreigners parading with bare knees and shoulders. Fully wrapping up in a jalabiya or niqab is only necessary in the most conservative Muslim states. On the other hand, clothing a la local will save you from excessive attention from the natives and win their trust to you.

Temples and sacred places are quite another matter. You can safely defile in a bathing suit and swimming trunks along the streets of Balinese Ubud or Indian Varkala, but it is highly not recommended to enter the places where the locals worship gods and spirits in such an outfit. Firstly, this is a banal disrespect for a foreign culture.  

Secondly, recently some countries have introduced serious fines for visiting shrines in an inappropriate manner.

As a rule, a decent dress code includes covered knees, shoulders, and cleavage. Women may be asked to cover their heads with a scarf or shawl, and in Buddhist temples, it is mandatory to take off your shoes.

Also, it is worth mentioning the dress code for swimming. If we are talking about a reservoir or a source sacred to locals, then entering the water naked is the height of disrespect for spirits.

Where to kiss

Public displays of affection are often taboo in Muslim countries. Even innocent hugs can fall under indecent behavior and result in a fine or even arrest. It is interesting that in a number of countries, for example, in Egypt or India, very warm hugs and walks by the hand performed by men are considered the norm, as they are friends. But a married couple can be fined for this.

The general rule here is simple: if you're not in liberal Europe, save the passionate hugs and hot kisses for a hotel room. By the way, such abstinence can pleasantly rekindle feelings and desire.

Do not export corals

The export of natural or cultural values     is the moment at which tourists often come across at the airport. Each country has its own rules on this topic, but there is a common feature. If the product was purchased from an authorized seller, and you have a receipt for it or a document authorizing export, then there will be no problems. So don't buy corals, leathers, or art from street vendors or street markets, even if the price seems very tempting.

From Egypt, it is forbidden to export corals, shells, ivory. From Cuba - products from crocodiles and turtles, as well as more than 23 cigars without a receipt. From Brazil - any products made from feathers, shells and leathers, as well as live animals. From Kenya - diamonds.

No more drinking 

The ban on drinking alcohol in public places is another trick of the Muslim world. Here, this is very strict, and one can even be arrested for this. Moreover, selling and buying alcohol is also prohibited. Unscrupulous merchants sometimes open underground shops for gullible tourists, and the latter are then detained by the police.

As for smoking, everything is fine with it in the Arab world. Everyone smokes everywhere, even in cafes and airports. In Europe, such a trick will not work, as a heavy fine is imposed for smoking in public places. Smoking areas are marked with a special sign.

Interesting details

Finally, let's talk about less common taboos.

• In Japan, never stick your chopsticks vertically into rice. This is done only at funerals, when food is left for the deceased.
• In India, Thailand, Laos and other countries of South and Southeast Asia, do not sit with your feet towards the interlocutor. The feet are an unclean part of the body, and directing it towards another person is an insult.
• In Nepal, India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh, do not give anything with the left hand, which, like the feet, is considered unclean.
• In Singapore, don't throw trash on the streets and don't spit out gum. For violating this rule, you can not only be fined, but also sent to clean the city.
• In Thailand, insulting the king is severely punished. Moreover, the images of the monarch are also sacred, so do not trample on banknotes.
• In Venice, it is forbidden to feed pigeons and walk the streets without a shirt.  Interestingly, the rest of Italy does not impose such bans.
• For the people of Malaysia, the head is a sacred part of the body, and touching someone else's head is highly discouraged.  Also, do not pass something over your head.
• “Buddha is not for decoration!”  - read the signs in many Asian countries. For a T-shirt with an indecent image of Buddha, a tattoo or a sticker on a car, you can be deported from the country.

Now you know what you shouldn’t do in different parts of the world, which means that your vacation will not be overshadowed by fines or censure from the locals.

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Traveler’s Faux Pas: How to Avoid Cross-Cultural Taboos

Kissing on the cheek, kissing on two cheeks or giving the ultimate three cheek-to-cheek pecks ”¦ sometimes the simple act of greeting someone requires skill, knowledge and practice.

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Misunderstandings

When traveling outside of the comforts of home, it is always rewarding to embed yourself deep within your host culture to develop a better appreciation of your new surroundings. However, it must be noted that what might be considered ”˜normal’ in your home country could be perceived as rude or offensive in someone else’s and vice versa.

Body language, words, actions, expressions and customs can all award you the title of true “foreigner fool”. Here are some simple guidelines to avoid becoming the laughing stock of those around you or, even worse, ending up behind bars ”¦ with the locals.

When to Bite Your Tongue

Body language, words, actions, expressions and customs can all award you the title of true “foreigner fool”

To slurp your noodles or not to slurp your noodles, that is the question. When I first moved to Japan, I went for some delicious Udon noodles with co-workers as a way socialize with them outside of the workplace. I thought I had a firm grasp on Japanese culture and considered myself well-read on their customs and manners. It wasn’t until my co-workers all picked up their bowls and began to slurp their noodles at a deafening volume, did all my supposed etiquette knowledge go out the window. I stared at them in disbelief as they chowed down, almost as if they were in a competition to see who could make the most noise.

At that moment, as I sat with a group of 40-50 year old Japanese men and women slurping their noodles like 2 years olds and a bowl of spaghetti, I thought to myself: what do I do? Do I silently eat my meal as I’d been taught to do for the past 24 years? Or do I imitate my co-workers and attempt to mimic their slurping actions?

Do I interrupt the splash-fest to ask what I should do, or do I just bite my tongue? In the interest of carpe diem , I dug out my grade twelve improv skills and began slurping like there was no tomorrow. This potentially-awkward and humiliating situation was one of many during my time in Japan and what I had to learn was: do as much research beforehand about cultural customs but don’t be afraid to (cautiously) go with flow when in new situations .

Embedding Without Insulting

When engaging in a foreign environment, it is best to find out what to expect beforehand. I suggest doing as much reading before traveling to a new country to become well versed in etiquette and cultural differences. Travel guides will usually provide a strict list of “do’s” and “don’ts”. Make sure to utilize Internet sites or forums and of course do not hesitate to ask the locals. It is better to ask what might seem like a ridiculous question to one person, than to make a fool of yourself in front of a larger group.

When I recently moved to Denmark, I spoke to a well-traveled Danish friend of mine and asked him, “What is something that you realized is acceptable in other countries but might be taboo in Denmark?” The best he could come up with is to refrain from asking someone about his or her income. Although this is something I am familiar with as a North American, it could come as surprise to someone from a region where such matters are freely discussed. In any case, speaking to a local is always your best bet to find out about hidden taboos and potential cultural misunderstandings.

To help you avoid making any cultural blunders, here is a list I have compiled of some interesting yet strange local customs, as seen from a Canadian perspective:

• In Germany, avoid discussing sports as it’s considered an uneducated thing to do.
• In Russia, drinking vodka is a big part of life, and not drinking is considered offensive.
• Picking your teeth with a toothpick in Japan is absolutely acceptable.
• Do not blow your nose in public in Japan, China, Saudi Arabia or France.
• In Brazil, the sign that is used in North America to mean “okay” means “you’re an a”” hole.”
• In Nepal, major Hindu temples are usually off-limits to foreigners. Don’t enter them or take pictures unless given permission.
• In many Asian countries, such as China, pointing with the forefinger in public is considered quite rude.
• In Albania, the locals shake their head to indicate “yes” and nod to indicate “no”.
• In the UK, when giving the peace sign make sure your palm is facing away otherwise; palm facing towards body = f*#$ off.
• In Indonesia, both hands are kept on the table while eating at all times.

Last, but certainly not least: SHAKE WITH THE RIGHT. In Muslim and Hindu societies, the left hand is generally considered unclean, so handshaking and eating are always performed with the right hand.

Do Your Research

Before you leave, do your homework. Make a checklist of research topics for each region you plan on visiting. Make sure you cover all aspects of daily living from colours, gestures, religious holidays, table manners, tipping and what to wear. Learn to go with the flow, act respectfully and pay close attention to what the locals are doing around you. Be inquisitive and don’t be afraid to ask however many questions.

Lastly, if you happen to commit a cultural faux pas, don’t let it ruin your trip. Mistakes happen whether we like it or not and sometimes the only way to learn is through trial and error. Expect to make a fool of yourself at least once and learn to just laugh it off.

From one (relatively minimal) culturally offensive culprit to the next, I wish you the best of luck with two thumbs up!

(Unless of course you are going to Australia, Argentina, Guatemala, Iran or any other Middle Eastern country, in which case I just wish you a simple Bon voyage! )

i’ve lived in france for 7 years and am married to a french guy. i’ve never heard about NOT blowing your nose in public so i asked around. all the french ppl (from all different walks of life) i’ve talked to have never heard about this. they say if you need to blow your nose in public or private. go and blow zee nose!

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Germans like discussing Sports except they might not be so interested in foreign teams/sports… especially when it comes to German soccer teams you might have a seemingly endless discussion. What might happen though: your conversation partner might not share your interested in sports OR at least in the same discipline. So just ask before starting to go nuts on the topic ;)

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I agree with ptinfrance. I had a French friend when I was studying in France who always carried a hanky. She even offered it to me a couple of times when I needed to blow my nose.

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A lot of cross-cultural gems of wisdom exist in books but not in reality; they’ve changed if they ever existed in the first place. The only thing you can be sure of is not to be immodest in dress when in conservative countries.

For instance, I’ve noted European women going topless in a hotel pool in Turkey. All the locals got out of the pool and turned their backs on the offending women who, of course, were oblivious, rather stupid. It’s best to blend in with the local culture as much as possible and avoid being loud and obnoxious.

Um, sorry but in Argentina a “thumbs up” is perfectly ok! in fact, it means exactly that! “ok”!

We argentinians are very loud, you might even think two people having a regular conversation are fighting and going at it! We gesture a lot when we talk and give hugs and kisses like crazy…..please don’t be offended by our invasion of your personal space, we don’t have any! Not many things are considered offensive here, but if you cross an argentinian catholic, don’t talk about religion, you’ll never hear the end of it! Sports is the best topic, just remember to always agree that Maradona is the best soccer player in the world (not Pele) :P And most don’t even know what baseball is, so don’t even mention it :P Politics is a regular subject amongst the locals, you may be offended by some stereotypes but don’t worry, for the most part argentinians will be extremely friendly and a huge laugh!! They really like to party!

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10 Cultural Do’s and Taboos: Chatting Around the World

by Janine Boylan on March 4, 2013

It’s a good idea to know cultural taboos before you speak! © Thinkstock

Hot (and Not So Hot) Topics

There are certain things you just shouldn’t talk about.

I’ve had a few Oh, I see moments around this—what is a culturally taboo topic in one place may not be in another. And, on the flip side, what is acceptable in one country, may be taboo in another. Sometimes it’s not until you’ve made the mistake that you learn the rules.

• In some countries, including the United States, Indonesia, and Sierra Leone, asking adults about their age is generally considered taboo. In Vietnam, however, it is an important inquiry. The way you address someone older than you is different from how you address people younger than you.
• “Are you married?” is a harmless question most places, but, in Afghanistan, it is considered rude to ask a woman this question.
• Politics, religion, economic and social issues? Many avoid these topics when first meeting someone. In Nigeria, people love to discuss these topics and more—and strangers will join right in conversations to share their opinions.
• Have a good joke? In places like Venezuela and Uganda, simple jokes are welcome. But if you are a man meeting a Yemeni woman in a business situation, jokes will not only fall flat, but they may also be seen as inappropriate and strain the meeting.
• In many places like Taiwan, Sudan, and Syria, asking about one’s family is a welcome topic, but, in rural Thailand, it should be avoided until the speakers are well-acquainted.
• Discussing one’s weight is considered appropriate in Ecuador; in the Democratic Republic of Congo being overweight is a sign of good health and mentioning it can be considered a compliment. Don’t try this in the United States.
• Calling people by their names without their permission is offensive in Cambodia.
• In Costa Rica, avoid talking about investments, money, or the market.
• “How much do you make?” is considered a rude question in countries like Croatia, Germany, and the United States; in China and Ecuador, it is a normal topic of conversation.
• In Thailand, it is actually against the law to criticize the royal family.

So how do you avoid cultural taboos when chatting around the world?

It’s always safe to talk about the weather!

The  Centre for Intercultural Learning  has a long list of cultural conversation do’s and taboos, sortable by country.

Kwintessential has a guide to culture, customs, and etiquette, presented by country. 

VIA Adam Wooten, Deseret News

Comment   on this post below, or inspire insight with your own OIC Moment  here .

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4 thoughts on “ 10 cultural do’s and taboos: chatting around the world ”.

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I’m from Costa Rica, and it is actually not a taboo talking about investments, money or the market. It is totally normal talking about this, it’s even like the most talked about in the news and simple conversations, even when it gets personal.

don’t we live in a sensitive world

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What Are the Pros and Cons of Traveling Abroad?

Find Out Whether International Travel Is Right for You

Visiting another country can reward you in many ways, but you will also encounter issues you would not face at home. Here are some points to consider as you think about traveling abroad.

What's in It for Me?

• History - There is something special about standing where history happened. Whether you want to take a photo from Catherine the Great’s doorstep at St. Petersburg’s Winter Palace or walk along the Great Wall of China, there is an unmistakable thrill that comes from being where history was made.
• World Cultures - Some travelers want to immerse themselves in another culture, trying everything from local foods to traditional sports. If you would like to travel like a local, choose a “home base” and rent an apartment or cottage where you can buy groceries, take walks, experience festivals and hang out with the neighborhood denizens. You will come away feeling you have really learned about your chosen city or region.
• Food Adventures - For some vacationers, it’s all about the food. You might want to taste all the dishes you have seen on an episode of Bizarre Foods with Andrew Zimmern or learn how to make veal marsala. If culinary adventures appeal to you, consider combining your trip abroad with cooking lessons or a wine tasting tour.
• Sense of Accomplishment - Travel can be challenging if you are unfamiliar with the language, customs and cuisine of your destination country. For some travelers, that’s part of the fun. When you unscramble the dinner menu or finally board the right bus, you will feel an adrenaline rush and a sense of pride.
• Dream Destinations - Perhaps your grandfather told you stories about Lake Como or played Hawaiian traditional music for you, and those experiences inspired you to consider traveling abroad. If you can supply an answer to “I’ve always wanted to visit (blank) because..." in five seconds or less, consider crossing a border or two during your next trip.
• Learning Experiences - According to the American Society on Aging, your brain continues to make new cells and establish nerve connections throughout life. For this to happen, you must exercise your brain. Combining travel with learning experiences can keep your brain as healthy as the rest of your body.
• Wonders of the World - Some travelers like to make lists of related destinations – such as the New 7 Wonders Of the World – and visit each place on their list. If you are looking for a worldwide travel project and climbing the Seven Summits isn’t your thing, a visit to each of the New 7 Wonders of the World could be just the project you’re looking for.
• Family Connections - Many travelers decide to visit their ancestors’ homeland on their first trip abroad. Genealogy is an extremely popular hobby, and there is nothing quite like doing your research on-scene . You might see the buildings your ancestors lived in or meet a distant cousin. Finding new information about your ancestors and immersing yourself in their culture will add new dimensions to your family history research.

What Problems Could I Encounter While Traveling Abroad?

• Language Difficulties - Learning a few words in another language can be a daunting experience. If language barriers bother you, but you would still like to visit another country, consider traveling with a tour group.
• Increased Cost - Transportation costs add up quickly. If you want to travel to another country, you may discover that transportation costs use up a large portion of your budget. Save money by booking a tour or cruise through a travel agent who has access to promotions and discounts.
• Poor Accessibility - Some destinations are not wheelchair-friendly. Elevators are narrow, important places do not have elevators or wheelchair ramps and curbs lack cuts. Subway travel might prove difficult – long staircases are a hallmark of subway stations – so you will need to check on elevator availability and learn how to request assistance before you travel. Check with a travel agent who specializes in accessible travel to find the best destinations for persons with your particular disability.
• Dietary Issues - If you like to eat certain types of food – meat and potatoes, for example – expect to pay a premium for the meals you prefer when you travel abroad. Dietary restrictions and food allergies may present special problems. Wherever you travel, bring along a menu translation card or dictionary so you can discuss dining options with the wait staff.
• Safety - While you can avoid most travel-related crimes by wearing a money belt, securing your valuables in hotel safes and staying away from high-crime areas, safety is still an important concern. You will need to identify safe places to stay and learn how to avoid scams and pickpockets .
• Passport Problems - If you are traveling on the spur of the moment, you might not have time to get a passport. As soon as you think you might want to travel abroad, find out how to apply for a passport and start the application process.

How Can I Minimize Problems and Still Travel Abroad?

If you do not want to plan every detail of your trip, consider an escorted tour or international cruise. An independent tour, where the tour operator handles travel logistics but does not hold you to a set itinerary, might help you deal with details while giving you more schedule flexibility. Traveling with an experienced companion could be a cost-conscious way to see the world with a readily available helper.

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10 Travel Taboos You Can Easily Avoid

At the best of times, travel can be thrilling and life-changing. But at its worst, it is awkward and gut-wrenching. Most of the time it’s due to cultural differences, some so subtle you might not be aware of them. We’ve gathered a few of the common – and unique – travel taboos to help you avoid any confusion or disrespect on your next trip.

1. Chopsticks Etiquette

While eating with chopsticks, make sure to set your sticks to the side or lay them flat on top of your bowl when pausing between bites. Most western travelers will leave the sticks in the food, but this is an omen of bad luck in Japan. In China and other countries, it is also impolite to point to other people with chopsticks.

2. Visiting Mosques

Remember to always take off your shoes, hats, and sunglasses when entering a mosque. And don’t worry about walking around in your socks; some mosques provide slip ons for visitors. For the rest of your attire, modest dress is required, covering as much skin as possible. For me, long sleeves and long pants are the best option, and you should not wear any logos. For women, it’s best to cover all skin and wear ankle-length skirts, long sleeves, and a headscarf to cover your hair. The restrictions may very by location, but following the above rules can help avoid any awkward or disrespectful situations.

3. Taking Flowers as a Gift – Ukraine

While in Ukraine, it is common to bring a small gift when invited over for dinner. Flowers are a common option, but remember two simple rules: always choose an odd number of flowers and avoid yellow at all costs. Even number of flowers are used for funeral and yellow is considered an impolite color.

4. No Kissing – Cheshire, UK

In Cheshire of UK, train passengers are not allowed to loiter, intimately talk or kiss at the Warrington Bank Quay railway station. If you desperately need to finish a conversation or want to kiss, you can move to “Kissing Zone,” a nearby car park, but only for up to 20 minutes! While we might think this practice is too conservative, the actual reason for the restriction is because couples kissing goodbye in front of the train doors was cause traffic congestion. Most travelers don’t have a problem with it either and find it quite humorous.

5. Salt – Egypt

When you travel to Egypt, don’t add salt to your meal, because that would be regarded as an insult to the chef. Fortunately, Egyptians always use garlic, onion and other spices, so Egyptian food are delicious.

6. Visiting Churches – Italy

If you’re planning a trip to Rome during summer, make sure to pack long sleeves and pants. The general rule is to cover your shoulders, knees, and feet, so no flip-flops! It’s common for tourists to flock to churches when visiting Europe, due to their historic and cultural importance, but you should always be mindful of your attire and respect the local customs.

7. Making a V Sign – UK, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa

When visiting a country with British traditions, you may be tempted to flash the peace sign at a fellow Beetles fan, but make sure face your palm away from you. If you face the back of your hand at someone, it can be very insulting. It can be seen as a gesture of defiance or contempt.

8. Insulting the Royal Family – Thailand 

Whenever visiting another country, politics should always be off the table and you should never insult the country’s leaders or Royal Families. But in Thailand, it has been a federal offence since 1908, so whatever your opinion on royalty, it’s best to keep it to yourself while perusing a Bangkok bar.

9. Shouting “Cheers” – Hungary

Next time you’re backpacking through Europe, make sure to remember one simple rule: don’t shout “Cheers!” and clank your mugs together in a Hungarian bar. This taboo dates back to 1848 when Austraia celebrated the execution of Hungarian rebels by clanking their beer glasses together. As a result, no Hungarian cheers during a toast.

10. Leave Some Food On The Plate – Cambodia

In a few countries, such as Cambodia, it is considered rude to eat all the food on a plate, as it suggests that the host did not prepare enough food. It may very depending on the country, however, but as a general practice you should avoid eating too much.

If you want to learn all the tips and tricks to planning your next vacation, please subscribe to our Tours4fun Newsletter below.

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One thought on “ 10 Travel Taboos You Can Easily Avoid ”

Well done! Fantastic to see what’s now available to help us all reduce using plastic. Such a very comprehensive list. I will certainly try as many of these products as I can, w hilst first using up and recycling all the plastic items I already have.

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Foreign travel was once taboo for american presidents.

One of the jobs of being a modern U.S. president is to make official state visits abroad. Both George W. Bush and Barack Obama  visited   dozens  of countries during their respective terms, and Donald Trump is  poised  to do the same. Yet during the 1800s, the idea of a U.S. president making even one or two international visits—let alone over 50—was unheard of.

Part of the reason early presidents didn’t leave the country has to do with the transportation available at the time. It took Woodrow Wilson, one of the first presidents to make an official visit abroad, nine days to sail to Europe in 1918. Four decades later, it only took Dwight D. Eisenhower nine hours to make the same trip by jet,  notes  scholar  Richard Ellis  in his book  Presidential Travel .

But slow transportation wasn’t the sole reason 19th century presidents stayed in the U.S. As Ellis—a professor of politics at Willamette University—writes in his book, there was also a strong taboo against presidents going abroad and associating with European monarchs.

“The taboo against foreign travel by a president owed its staying power to the continuing hold that the republican fear of monarchical pomp and power had on the American imagination,” he  writes . “A president who traveled abroad, Americans feared, would be invited to visit palaces and courts, to exchange pleasantries and genuflections with kings and queens.”

15 Global Food Taboos: A Cultural Culinary Guide

Kristina Shumailova

Welcome, fellow food explorers! Get ready for an extraordinary expedition into the tantalizing world of global cuisine and the intriguing taboos that season each cultural platter. Food isn’t just nourishment; it’s a passport to diverse traditions and stories woven into every dish. So, grab your fork and let’s feast on the cultural buffet of taboos!

1. Japan's Fugu Fear

In the mesmerizing landscape of Japan, where culinary artistry meets adventure, Fugu takes center stage. This prized pufferfish isn’t just another dish—it’s a tightrope walk between delicacy and danger. Imagine a fish that could potentially be your last meal, an edible roulette that tantalizes taste buds while keeping adrenaline levels high.

Enter the realm of Fugu, where dining becomes an exhilarating experience akin to embarking on a gastronomic rollercoaster. This aquatic delicacy harbors toxins potent enough to send chills down even the most daring connoisseur’s spine. Yet, within the hands of specially trained master chefs, the lethal becomes the luscious.

Picture the scene: chefs, with the precision of artisans and the expertise of seasoned warriors, meticulously dissect the pufferfish. Each slice is a testament to their skill, as they navigate the fish’s labyrinthine anatomy, removing the deadly organs with the finesse of a practiced samurai. It’s not just about preparing a meal; it’s a performance, an art form that demands unwavering attention to detail and unwavering respect for tradition.

Only after passing stringent tests and rigorous training does a chef earn the right to handle Fugu. Their knives dance across the delicate flesh, carving out fillets that promise flavor without peril. It’s a culinary tightrope walk where one wrong move could tip the balance from exquisite taste to fatal consequences.

The preparation itself becomes a ritual—a symphony of precise cuts, careful handling, and unwavering focus. Each slice holds the promise of a unique culinary adventure, a delicate balance between indulgence and risk.

As the dish finally reaches the table, hearts race with anticipation. The thrill of indulging in Fugu isn’t just about savoring a meal; it’s about embracing the rush, the adrenaline that accompanies every tantalizing bite. It’s a harmonious blend of danger and delight, a testament to the mastery of the chefs and the allure of culinary exploration.

In Japan, Fugu isn’t just a dish; it’s a testament to the artistry and precision ingrained in their culinary culture. It’s a heart-stopping culinary escapade that challenges taste buds while offering a glimpse into the daring spirit that defines Japanese cuisine.

2. India's Sacred Cow

In the vibrant tapestry of India, where traditions are woven into the very fabric of existence, the cow stands as an emblem of reverence and respect. Here, the cow transcends its role as a mere farm animal; it embodies divinity, cultural heritage, and a way of life. This cherished bovine isn’t just part of the landscape—it’s an icon revered with an intensity that shapes not just dietary preferences, but the very essence of Indian existence.

Step into the bustling streets and aromatic markets of India, and you’ll quickly realize that a Big Mac isn’t part of the culinary landscape. The sacredness of cows, deeply rooted in religious beliefs, creates a cultural tapestry where beef is off-limits. The cow’s revered status is entwined in the ethos of everyday life, echoing through dietary choices and societal norms.

In the complex mosaic of Indian culture, the sanctity of cows weaves a narrative that surpasses culinary preferences—it’s a way of honoring tradition, history, and spirituality. The notion goes beyond a simple dietary restriction; it’s a reflection of the deeply ingrained cultural ethos where harmony with nature and reverence for all living beings prevail.

The ban on beef consumption isn’t just a rule etched in stone; it’s a heartfelt expression of religious sentiments and cultural legacy. It shapes menus, encouraging diverse and vibrant vegetarian cuisines that celebrate the bounty of plant-based goodness. It’s a beautiful synergy between spirituality and sustenance, a tribute to the interconnectedness of life in India.

Moreover, this reverence for cows transcends the dining table, permeating into social norms, rituals, and festivals. From religious ceremonies to agricultural practices, the cow’s presence is omnipresent, symbolizing abundance, purity, and maternal nourishment.

In India, the cow isn’t just a cultural symbol; it’s a sacred thread that binds communities, generations, and beliefs. Its exalted status guides culinary choices, fostering a rich tapestry of vegetarian delights and cultural practices that embody the essence of Indian identity. It’s a homage to tradition, spirituality, and a harmonious coexistence with nature that resonates through the ages.

3. Iceland's Fermented Shark

Welcome to Iceland, a land where nature’s marvels meet culinary curiosities—enter fermented shark, the culinary maverick of this Nordic wonderland. Imagine embarking on a gustatory journey that isn’t just about taste, but a plunge into centuries-old traditions.

In the heart of this breathtaking landscape lies a peculiar practice: the art of fermenting Greenland shark. This unconventional dish isn’t for the faint-hearted; it’s a testament to Iceland’s audacious culinary heritage. The process involves fermenting the shark meat for months, transforming it into a tender, albeit aromatic, delicacy.

As you approach this culinary adventure, prepare to be embraced by an acquired taste—one that defies conventional flavor profiles. The pungent aroma that greets your senses might initially startle, but it’s a prelude to a saga that unfolds with each daring bite. This isn’t your run-of-the-mill meal; it’s an ode to Iceland’s resilience and unapologetic embrace of cultural eccentricities.

The boldness of fermented shark isn’t just a gastronomic endeavor; it’s a historical legacy deeply rooted in survival instincts and resourcefulness. In the harsh landscapes where food preservation was a necessity, this method became an ingenious way to utilize a challenging resource, transforming it into a culinary oddity that encapsulates Iceland’s spirit.

Every nibble tells a story—an ancient tale of resilience, where a community turned a culinary challenge into a cherished tradition. It’s a tribute to the hardiness of a people who thrived in the face of adversity, turning scarcity into a flavorful triumph.

While the flavor may not be everyone’s cup of tea (or in this case, shark), embracing fermented shark means immersing yourself in a cultural narrative that transcends taste buds. It’s a nod to Iceland’s past, a symbol of perseverance and innovation that continues to captivate adventurous palates worldwide.

So, brace yourself for an experience that tantalizes taste buds and challenges perceptions—a journey where each bite of fermented shark speaks volumes about Iceland’s culinary boldness and its deep-seated respect for tradition. It’s a gastronomic tale worth savoring, a flavorful testament to Iceland’s enduring spirit amidst its breathtaking landscapes.

4. China's Symbolic Banquet

Welcome to China, a realm where culinary artistry intertwines with profound symbolism—a tapestry where each dish is a chapter in the grand narrative of tradition and heritage. Here, dining isn’t just a feast for the palate; it’s a masterful brushstroke painting a vivid picture of cultural significance.

Take a seat at the dining table in China, and you’ll find that every dish is a story waiting to be deciphered. Picture the fish—a symbol not just of sustenance but also of abundance and prosperity. Its presence on the table isn’t merely a culinary choice; it’s a proclamation of hopes for wealth and success.

Yet, heed the nuances, for in this culinary symphony, even the slightest gesture carries weight. The flip of a fish, an innocent act in many cultures, takes on a profound meaning here. Serving a whole fish upside-down isn’t just a faux pas; it’s believed to invite misfortune and disrupt the harmony of fortunes.

It’s a fascinating dance between tradition and superstition where the rituals of dining hold significance beyond the deliciousness of the meal. Each culinary custom and belief is woven into the fabric of everyday life, carrying echoes of ancient wisdom and cultural values.

As you savor the flavors of China, you’re not just indulging in a meal; you’re decoding a cultural lexicon where every ingredient, every dish, speaks volumes about history, beliefs, and aspirations. It’s a harmonious blend of flavors and symbolism, a testament to the intricate tapestry of Chinese culture.

The culinary stage in China is where tradition and symbolism perform an elegant tango on your plate. It’s a visual poetry, a delicate balance between taste and tradition, where each bite is a celebration of heritage and a salute to the richness of cultural customs.

So, as you navigate the culinary landscape of China, embrace not just the flavors but also the stories whispered by each dish. It’s a journey that transcends taste buds, inviting you to partake in the intricate tapestry of beliefs and traditions, painting a portrait of China’s cultural depth and culinary finesse.

5. Madagascar's No Lemur Policy

Welcome to the captivating realm of Madagascar, a breathtaking oasis where vibrant biodiversity and cultural reverence converge. Here, amidst the lush landscapes and the enchanting chorus of wildlife, lemurs reign as treasured inhabitants, revered with a passion that transcends mere protection—it’s reverence woven into the very fabric of Malagasy identity.

In this paradise of biodiversity, lemurs aren’t just adorable creatures; they’re charismatic symbols of the island’s natural heritage. Dining on these primates isn’t merely frowned upon; it’s a cultural taboo deeply entrenched in Madagascar’s ethos, a testament to the values of conservation and respect for wildlife.

The no-lemur policy isn’t merely about safeguarding a species; it’s a narrative that underscores the island’s commitment to preserving its ecological treasures. These furry acrobats, swinging gracefully through the treetops, embody the spirit of Madagascar’s rich ecosystems—a living testament to the delicate balance between humans and nature.

Madagascar’s stance against dining on lemurs serves as a poignant lesson in culinary preservation. It’s a vow to safeguard these creatures, ensuring they continue to play their role in the island’s intricate web of life. The cultural sanctity bestowed upon lemurs isn’t just about protecting a species; it’s a testament to Madagascar’s commitment to conserving its natural heritage for generations to come.

As the lemurs leap and chatter amidst the lush foliage, their presence echoes through the cultural conscience of Madagascar. They embody a commitment to coexistence, reminding us that harmony between humans and wildlife is not just an ideal but an imperative for a thriving ecosystem.

So, in this paradise of biodiversity, dining on lemurs isn’t an option—it’s a conscious choice to honor the island’s rich tapestry of life. Madagascar’s cultural reverence for these enchanting creatures stands as a beacon, guiding the way toward a future where conservation and cultural significance intertwine, keeping these furry friends swinging freely in their verdant haven.

6. Italy's Cappuccino Culture

Ah, Italy—a land where every cobblestone whispers tales of history, every corner exudes charm, and where every sip of coffee is a cultural affair. Picture yourself in this picturesque setting, where indulging in the art of coffee-drinking comes with its own set of unwritten rules, adding a flavorful layer to the Italian experience.

As you navigate the cobbled streets and bask in the timeless beauty of Italy, the aroma of freshly brewed espresso beckons. But here’s the intriguing twist: if you fancy a frothy cappuccino after the breakfast hours, be prepared for a cultural tête-à-tête with tradition. Italians, with their espresso-stained souls, have an unspoken pact—an etiquette that dictates milk-based coffees, like the revered cappuccino, are morning elixirs.

The cappuccino, with its luxurious foam and velvety texture, isn’t just a coffee—it’s a morning ritual, an indulgence that kickstarts the day. It’s a sip of tradition, a flavorful ode to mornings, where the harmonious marriage of espresso and frothy milk is celebrated with every delicious gulp.

So, imagine yourself seated at a quaint café, the sun casting golden hues upon ancient facades. You crave the creamy goodness of a cappuccino, but as the clock ticks past breakfast hours, you navigate the unspoken coffee code. Ordering one might elicit raised eyebrows or a quizzical glance from the barista—it’s not a judgment, but a gentle reminder of the revered coffee customs.

The cappuccino’s morning exclusivity isn’t just about flavor; it’s a cultural beacon, a legacy of Italian coffee culture that spans centuries. It’s a nod to the art of savoring moments, where each sip is a sensory journey intertwined with tradition and taste.

As you embrace Italy’s cappuccino culture, it’s not just about enjoying a cup of coffee; it’s about immersing yourself in a cultural narrative. It’s a sip of history, a flavorful glimpse into the Italian way of life where mornings are marked by the cherished indulgence of frothy, milky coffee. So, raise your cup, savor the moment, and relish in the exquisite blend of tradition and taste that defines Italian coffee culture.

7. The Indonesian Durian Dilemma

Indonesia—a tantalizing tapestry of flavors, where the air is thick with the scent of adventure and the divisive aroma of the infamous durian. Enter the durian dilemma, a culinary conundrum that embodies both love and loathing, inviting locals and visitors alike to partake in a sensory adventure unlike any other.

Picture this: a fruit with a thorny exterior that guards a creamy, custard-like interior. Its divisive fragrance, an olfactory battlefield where opinions clash and culinary boundaries are drawn, marks the durian as a fruit of contention. Indonesians, embroiled in this love-hate relationship, stand divided between embracing its pungency as a cultural badge of honor or grappling with it as a gustatory challenge.

For some, the durian is an emblem of pride—a fruit so potent in scent and flavor that it’s revered as the king of fruits, celebrated for its unique qualities. Its custard-like texture and complex flavor profile are savored with delight, considered a delicacy worth braving the pungency for.

Yet, for others, the durian’s powerful aroma and intense taste evoke a sensory battlefield—a challenge to palate and nostrils alike. Its divisive nature prompts some to steer clear, finding its scent overpowering, its taste too bold for their liking.

Navigating the durian dilemma isn’t just about taste; it’s an exploration of cultural divides and culinary curiosity. It’s a fruit that encapsulates Indonesia’s diverse tapestry of flavors, where the clash between love and loathing creates an intricate dance of sensory experiences.

This tropical fruit isn’t just a mere addition to the Indonesian menu; it’s a cultural phenomenon, a culinary adventure that beckons brave souls to either embrace its pungency as a badge of honor or approach it cautiously, lest its robust character overwhelms the senses.

So, in Indonesia, the durian isn’t just a fruit; it’s a cultural touchstone, a testament to the country’s rich and diverse culinary landscape. It’s an invitation to join the spirited debate, to pick a side in the durian dilemma, and to partake in the adventure that comes with exploring one of the world’s most polarizing fruits.

8. Ghana's Crocodile Cautions

Ghana—a land where nature’s creatures aren’t merely animals but revered entities, each holding a sacred place in the intricate tapestry of beliefs and traditions. Here, crocodiles, those formidable reptilian figures, aren’t viewed as mere predators; they are revered as guardians, embodying spiritual significance that transcends the ordinary.

Imagine the landscapes of Ghana, where these majestic creatures, with their ancient gaze and silent wisdom, hold sway. Dining on crocodile meat? It’s an unheard-of notion—a culinary taboo deeply entrenched in the fabric of Ghanaian culture. The crocodile’s revered status permeates through the culinary scene, influencing choices and fostering a unique harmony between humanity and these formidable beasts.

In Ghana, these creatures aren’t just menacing predators; they hold a spiritual mantle. They are guardians of certain territories, revered for their symbolic significance in local folklore and traditions. Their presence goes beyond the physical realm, intertwining with beliefs and customs that shape cultural attitudes towards them.

The reverence for crocodiles influences more than just the dining table—it shapes a cultural ethos that honors and respects these creatures. Their status as spiritual sentinels fosters a harmonious coexistence, creating a delicate balance between man and beast. This unique harmony is a testament to Ghana’s cultural depth and its reverence for the natural world.

Dining on crocodile meat isn’t just avoided due to taste preferences; it’s a cultural practice rooted in deep respect and reverence. The majestic beings, with their ancient allure and spiritual symbolism, remain untouched by culinary endeavors, embodying a spiritual connection that transcends the boundaries between humanity and nature.

So, in Ghana, the crocodile isn’t just a creature; it’s a revered guardian, a symbol of spiritual significance that shapes cultural practices and fosters a unique relationship between mankind and these formidable creatures. It’s a testament to Ghana’s reverence for the natural world and the profound respect embedded in its cultural tapestry.

9. Israel's Pork Prohibition

Welcome to Israel, a land where culinary choices aren’t simply about taste but are steeped in centuries-old traditions and religious adherence. Here, the concept of keeping kosher isn’t merely a dietary practice; it’s a guiding principle woven into the very fabric of daily life—a code of conduct that defines the culinary landscape.

Enter the forbidden fruit in Israel’s gastronomic realm—pork. This seemingly ordinary meat transforms into a culinary pariah due to religious tenets that prohibit its consumption. The prohibition against pork isn’t just a preference; it’s a scriptural decree deeply rooted in religious beliefs, making it a culinary commandment that shapes menus and dining habits.

The absence of pork reverberates through Israel’s culinary scene, with menus carefully crafted to adhere to kosher guidelines. Instead, lamb and chicken take center stage, becoming the protagonists of the kosher culinary theater. These meats, permitted by religious laws, become the backbone of Israel’s traditional dishes, celebrated for their versatility and culinary potential.

Keeping kosher isn’t just a matter of what’s on the plate; it’s a cultural practice that transcends the dining table. It’s a way of life, an embodiment of adherence to religious beliefs that dictate not just what to eat but how to prepare and consume food. The culinary customs echo the deep-seated traditions passed down through generations, showcasing a rich tapestry of cultural heritage.

The absence of pork isn’t merely a dietary restriction; it’s a symbol of devotion, an expression of faith woven into the culinary fabric of Israel. It’s a reflection of a society that honors its religious roots, where dietary choices become a testament to spiritual convictions and cultural legacy.

In Israel, the omission of pork isn’t a compromise—it’s a celebration of tradition, a culinary journey that honors religious teachings and shapes the very essence of daily life. It’s a vibrant testament to the interplay between faith, food, and the enduring spirit of a culture deeply rooted in its religious heritage.

10. Korea's Slippery Sea Creatures

Welcome to Korea, where culinary adventures transcend taste buds and delve into the fascinating realm of textures. Here, dining isn’t just about flavors; it’s a sensory expedition where textures take center stage. Enter the world of slippery or slimy textures—a realm that evokes hesitance in many but adds a unique layer of intrigue and adventure to Korean cuisine.

Picture yourself at a Korean dining table, where dishes boast a symphony of textures—some smooth as silk, others slightly slippery or slimy. These textures, though met with apprehension by some, hold cultural significance, shaping the culinary landscape and guiding taste preferences.

In Korean gastronomy, the aversion to slippery or slimy textures isn’t merely a matter of personal preference; it’s a cultural taboo that influences culinary choices. These textures, often found in dishes like raw octopus or certain types of seaweed, play a pivotal role in Korean cuisine. While some might hesitate due to the unfamiliarity of these textures, for others, they form the very essence of a delightful culinary adventure.

The cultural aversion to slippery textures isn’t a deterrent but rather a part of the allure—a fascinating facet that sparks curiosity and invites diners to embrace new sensory experiences. It’s an exploration of gustatory boundaries, where each bite becomes a discovery, and texture becomes the star of the show.

The taboo against slippery textures shapes Korean culinary artistry, encouraging chefs to skillfully balance flavors and textures to create harmonious dishes. It’s a testament to the depth of Korean cuisine, where every ingredient, texture, and flavor is meticulously chosen to create a symphony of taste and mouthfeel.

So, in Korea, dining isn’t just a meal; it’s an invitation to embark on a texture journey. It’s a delightful adventure where the hesitancy toward certain textures isn’t a roadblock but a gateway to a world of culinary exploration. It’s a celebration of texture diversity—a delicious testament to how cultural taboos shape and enrich the gastronomic experience.

11. Mexico's Ant Eggs Aversion

Welcome to Mexico, a land where culinary boundaries blur, and insects transform from mere pests into flavorful delicacies! Here, the dining table isn’t just about familiar tastes; it’s an invitation to embrace a rich tapestry of flavors that include a rather intriguing ingredient—ant eggs.

In Mexican cuisine, insects aren’t relegated to the realm of nuisance; they’ve been elevated to an integral part of the gastronomic experience. However, when it comes to ant eggs, even the most adventurous palates might pause. These tiny yet potent ingredients challenge perceptions and invite a different kind of exploration.

Picture a vibrant Mexican market where vendors proudly display their edible insect wares. Crickets, grasshoppers, and ants—each boasting unique flavors and textures—are celebrated as culinary treasures. Yet, among these offerings, ant eggs stand as a true test for even the most daring food enthusiasts.

The cultural significance of insects in Mexican cuisine goes beyond mere sustenance; it’s a reflection of a rich culinary heritage deeply rooted in tradition. These ingredients aren’t just about taste; they’re cultural markers that challenge preconceived notions and beckon curious palates to embark on a gustatory adventure.

For many, the thought of indulging in ant eggs might raise eyebrows or provoke hesitance. However, for others, it’s a culinary exploration—an opportunity to celebrate the diversity of flavors and embrace the cultural significance woven into every dish.

The presence of ant eggs in Mexican cuisine adds a layer of complexity, inviting diners to push beyond their comfort zones and savor a taste that’s unfamiliar yet deeply rooted in tradition. It’s a testament to Mexico’s culinary boldness and the willingness to challenge perceptions, offering a flavorful lesson in embracing the unexpected.

So, in Mexico, insects aren’t just pests; they’re a delectable part of the culinary repertoire. And while ant eggs might be a culinary hurdle for some, they’re a tribute to the country’s rich culinary heritage and an invitation to expand palates, one adventurous bite at a time.

12. Egypt's Catfish Controversy

Welcome to Egypt, where the storied Nile river flows and where catfish glide through its waters. However, amidst this aquatic abundance, a curious culinary tale unfolds—the taboo against dining on these whiskered creatures. In certain regions, the idea of indulging in catfish might not just raise eyebrows; it’s a cultural nuance that adds a layer of mystery to local menus.

Picture the Nile, teeming with life, where catfish gracefully navigate its currents. While this species swims abundantly in these waters, its absence from local culinary offerings speaks volumes about cultural symbolism and dietary preferences.

The taboo against consuming catfish isn’t merely a matter of taste; it’s a thread woven into Egypt’s cultural fabric, steeped in symbolism and tradition. For some communities, catfish carry a certain reverence or significance beyond their existence as a food source. This cultural viewpoint shapes culinary choices, creating a distinct absence of catfish in local dishes.

In certain regions, dining on catfish might be met with surprise or hesitance, not due to their lack of availability but owing to their perceived cultural significance. Their omission from menus isn’t just happenstance; it’s a reflection of cultural attitudes and traditions that dictate what finds its way onto the dinner table.

The mystery surrounding the catfish controversy adds a fascinating layer to Egypt’s culinary landscape. It’s a tale of cultural reverence, a subtle dance between tradition and gastronomy that dictates which flavors grace local menus.

So, in Egypt, where the Nile’s waters flow and catfish roam, their absence from certain culinary offerings isn’t a culinary oversight—it’s a nod to cultural symbolism and traditions that infuse local menus with layers of history and meaning. It’s a subtle reminder that the dining table isn’t just about what’s served; it’s a reflection of cultural values and the intricate tapestry of Egypt’s culinary heritage.

13. Sweden's Surströmming Stigma

Welcome to Sweden, where culinary adventures take a daring turn with Surströmming—the infamous fermented herring that ignites both curiosity and caution. This iconic Swedish dish isn’t just about taste; it’s a bold plunge into an olfactory adventure that challenges even the most intrepid souls.

Imagine a can of Surströmming—a seemingly innocent container that holds within its confines a potent culinary legend. As the lid is lifted, a pungent aroma, a blend of fermented fish and assertive brine, escapes into the air, signaling the arrival of this formidable dish.

Surströmming isn’t just a meal; it’s a test of bravery and an acquired taste. Its robust flavor and potent aroma aren’t for the faint-hearted, yet for some, it’s a cultural rite of passage—a badge of honor for those daring enough to embrace the stink.

Let’s be honest; Surströmming’s aroma is powerful enough to clear a room, earning it a reputation as one of the world’s smelliest foods. But beyond its challenging scent lies a delicacy cherished by those who appreciate its unique flavors and cultural significance.

For adventurous souls willing to take on this gastronomic adventure, Surströmming offers a taste of tradition and heritage. Its presence on the Swedish table isn’t just about flavor; it’s a nod to culinary customs deeply rooted in the country’s history.

The allure of Surströmming isn’t just in its taste; it’s in the experience—an immersion into Swedish culture and the willingness to embrace culinary eccentricities. For those who brave the formidable aroma and delve into its flavors, Surströmming becomes more than just a dish; it’s a tale of culinary daring and an ode to tradition.

In Sweden, Surströmming isn’t just fermented herring; it’s a cultural icon, a flavorful legend that challenges palates and dares individuals to embrace the stink in pursuit of a culinary adventure unlike any other.

14. Polynesia's Forbidden Bananas

Welcome to the enchanting world of Polynesia, where bananas, those humble fruits, come laden with stories and cultural nuances that transcend mere taste. Here, amid the lush landscapes and vibrant traditions, not all bananas are embraced equally—some varieties bear the weight of cultural taboos steeped in superstitions or beliefs.

Picture the swaying palm trees and tropical breezes carrying the scent of exotic fruits. Amid this paradise, the significance attached to certain banana varieties weaves an intricate tapestry of flavors and cultural significance.

In Polynesian lore, specific banana varieties are shrouded in taboos or superstitions, rendering them off-limits for consumption. These beliefs, handed down through generations, intertwine with the fabric of everyday life, shaping culinary choices and creating a rich tapestry of flavors and traditions.

The taboo against certain bananas isn’t merely about taste preferences; it’s a reflection of deep-rooted beliefs and cultural practices. These fruits carry stories and superstitions that add depth and mystery to the culinary landscape, influencing which bananas find their way onto Polynesian tables.

For Polynesians, the significance attached to these forbidden bananas adds a layer of intrigue to their culinary journey. It’s not just about the fruit itself; it’s about navigating a flavorful tapestry interwoven with cultural threads, respecting traditions that have stood the test of time.

The forbidden bananas in Polynesia aren’t just fruits; they’re symbolic markers that transcend their physical form. They represent a blend of tradition, belief, and a connection to the land and its stories, shaping not just culinary choices but the cultural identity of the region.

So, in the heart of Polynesia, where tropical fruits thrive and traditions run deep, the taboo against certain banana varieties isn’t just a matter of taste; it’s a cultural homage, a flavorful reminder of the intricate tapestry of beliefs and traditions that enrich the culinary landscape.

15. Ethiopia's Raw Meat Ritual

Welcome to Ethiopia, a land where dining isn’t just a meal—it’s a sacred tradition steeped in cultural significance. Enter the world of raw meat, not just a dish but a ceremonial indulgence that transcends mere sustenance. This revered culinary practice isn’t just about flavor; it’s a ritual that unites communities, fosters bonds, and celebrates shared traditions.

Imagine a vibrant Ethiopian gathering, where the aroma of freshly cut meat fills the air, and the rhythmic beats of celebration echo through the surroundings. Here, raw meat isn’t merely a menu item; it’s a cornerstone of communal gatherings—a culinary ritual that holds profound cultural meaning.

The consumption of raw meat in Ethiopia isn’t a casual affair; it’s a ceremonial tradition, often reserved for special occasions and communal feasts. The meticulous preparation, the communal sharing, and the joyful camaraderie that accompany this practice form an integral part of Ethiopian social fabric.

This sensory journey of indulging in raw meat isn’t just about savoring flavors; it’s about experiencing culture in every savory bite. The act of partaking in this ritual signifies unity, respect, and a shared connection with ancestral traditions that have withstood the test of time.

For Ethiopians, raw meat isn’t just a dish; it’s a symbol of hospitality, generosity, and communal harmony. It fosters a sense of togetherness, bringing people together to celebrate life’s milestones and forge deeper connections through a shared culinary heritage.

The significance of this raw meat ritual isn’t confined to taste; it’s a celebration of Ethiopia’s cultural richness and the profound respect for traditions that bind communities together. It’s an invitation to partake in a sensory journey that transcends culinary boundaries, inviting you to immerse yourself in the vibrant tapestry of Ethiopian culture with every flavorful morsel.

In a world where culinary adventures intersect with cultural customs, these 15 global food taboos stand as vibrant testaments to the intricate tapestry of human traditions. From Japan’s high-stakes Fugu to Ethiopia’s ceremonial raw meat indulgence, each culinary taboo isn’t just a mere restriction but a window into the rich narratives that define societies.

Food isn’t solely about taste; it’s a cultural passport, a sensory journey that immerses us in the beliefs, rituals, and heritage of diverse communities worldwide. These taboos, whether driven by religious beliefs, superstitions, or ceremonial practices, transcend flavors and aromas—they weave stories of reverence, symbolism, and shared experiences.

In embracing these culinary idiosyncrasies, we don’t just savor unfamiliar flavors; we partake in a cultural exchange, honoring traditions that have shaped communities for generations. As we explore these taboos, we unveil not just the culinary landscape but the soul of each culture, finding beauty and significance in the nuances that guide their dining tables.

So, let’s raise our forks not just to flavors but to the cultural richness ingrained in every dish, celebrating the diversity that unites us through the universal language of food. These food taboos aren’t barriers; they’re bridges, inviting us to taste, experience, and appreciate the depth of human heritage in every flavorful bite.

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Causes of Conflict: When Taboos Create Trouble

Among the many causes of conflict, taboo issues that arise in negotiation and other realms can be difficult to address. here’s how to identify and broach these hot-button issues..

By Katie Shonk — on March 18th, 2024 / Conflict Resolution

In negotiation, some topics are difficult to even bring up. Such taboo issues can easily become causes of conflict, writes Daniel Shapiro, founder and director of the Harvard International Negotiation Program, in Negotiating the Nonnegotiable: How to Resolve Your Most Emotionally Charged Conflicts (Viking, 2016). Consider these real-life conflict scenarios :

• While negotiating an acquisition that would include key personnel, members of the buyer’s team are concerned about rumors that a top executive from the target firm has a serious drinking problem that impairs his performance. They are reluctant to raise the issue with those from the target firm.
• Teaching a workshop in a Middle Eastern country, an American professor senses rising tension in the room. Later, he learns that he offended his foreign counterparts by exposing the sole of his shoe to those present—a violation of a cultural prohibition.
• Two department heads, Deb and Lina, have been planning a long-term project that their teams will work on jointly. In a meeting to discuss business team building , Deb mocks a politician whom Lina supports. Lina doesn’t speak up for fear of straining their work relationship.

As causes of conflict, taboos can require us to look more closely at hot-button issues and engage in conflict resolution .

What Is a Taboo?

Every taboo has three components, according to Shapiro:

• A prohibition. A taboo specifies particular feelings, thoughts, or actions as being off-limits within a community. For example, curse words may be taboo during a formal negotiation but more acceptable during an office happy hour.
• A punishment for breaking the prohibition. Every taboo has a punishment for violation. A negotiator who asks whether a prominent member of the target firm has a drinking problem—a taboo topic—risks damaging and even ending the negotiation.
• Protective significance. Taboos serve as unwritten social rules that protect us from saying or doing something that offends community values. For example, the common taboo in many workplaces against discussing politics or religion can keep divisive conflict from arising.

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Taboos as Causes of Conflict

Taboos serve a useful function, but can be causes of conflict for at least three reasons, writes Shapiro in Negotiating the Nonnegotiable :

• We are unaware of the taboo. Sometimes we inadvertently offend someone by violating a taboo due to lack of awareness. It was Shapiro himself, for example, who caused a stir by unintentionally exposing the sole of his shoe to his workshop participants in the Middle East.
• We fear discussing the taboo. “To break a taboo can feel frightening—but to avoid breaking it keeps you mired in a conflict.” In families, long-buried painful memories can prolong hurt feelings and tension, for example.
• We have no framework. Taboos vary widely from one context to the next. Because we are likely to lack a systematic framework for dealing with taboo issues, we may be confused about whether to accept, address, or break them.

Navigating Taboos

In Negotiating the Nonnegotiable , Shapiro recommends three conflict-resolution strategies that can help us bring taboos to the surface of our minds and our negotiations.

• Increase your awareness. Because taboos protect important parts of our identities, people often react strongly when taboos they hold dear are violated. Consequently, it is important to try to prepare for the taboos you may encounter and think about how to cope with them. Consider the unwritten rules, off-limit topics, and prohibited emotions (such as anger or sadness) that may govern how others expect you to behave. We also need to become aware of taboos that may constrain our counterpart’s behavior. For example, a cultural taboo might prevent an indigenous tribe from selling land it deems sacred.
• Establish a safe zone. Move “sensitive topics from taboo territory to a safe zone” where they can be “examined without fear of punishment or moral compromise,” writes Shapiro in Negotiating the Nonnegotiable . Identify your reason for discussing the taboo: Do you want to air grievances, clarify points of contention, or share your pain? You might also discuss with your counterpart which issues are off-limits and which you can broach respectfully.
• Make an action plan. Mutually decide whether to accept the taboo, chisel away at it slowly, or tear it down quickly, Shapiro recommends. For example, an indigenous tribe might decide to break its taboo against selling sacred land to use profits from the sale to educate its younger generation about the tribe’s history and customs.

What other causes of conflict have you identified, and how have you addressed them?

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Children’s Books/Essay

Innocence, Here and Abroad

Taboos about what can’t be shown in picture books vary around the world.

Credit... Sarah Williamson

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By Daniel Hahn

Daniel Hahn is a literary translator, and the author of “Catching Fire: A Translation Diary.”

• Nov. 10, 2023

One of the funniest books I know includes a spread illustrating some of the different positions in which a man and a woman can “fit together.” One configuration involves a space hopper, another a skateboard. Published in 1993, Babette Cole’s “Mummy Laid an Egg!” is a Where-do-babies-come-from? book for young kids that not only tells it like it is (space hopper and all), but also jokes about the outlandish fairy tales desperate parents use to avoid discussing something they really, really don’t want to talk about.

Obviously, it’s inappropriate to write explicitly about sex for young children, just as we mustn’t expose them to books that are full of violence or unambiguous death. They aren’t ready to encounter such things, as I’m sure you’ll agree.

Except … maybe you don’t agree. Why should those views be “obvious”? Many taboos we develop about what can’t go into children’s books are culturally contingent, varying around the world. And guess what? In many cultures, picture books feature sex and death regularly and noncontroversially, and the children who read them aren’t conspicuously more screwed up than better “protected” American kids.

I’m all for protecting children from harm — I have quite an old-fashioned belief in nurturing childhood innocence — but much of what we’re seeing is less about genuine, responsible protection from incontrovertibly bad things than about, well, puritanical squeamishness.

The children’s literature scholar B.J. Woodstein has researched taboos around female nudity, specifically representations of breastfeeding. “Breasts can’t be shown to be feeding babies because they are inevitably seen as sexual, despite us being called mammals for a reason,” Woodstein says. “Some other cultures without this fear of nudity are happy to depict breastfeeding, but those books generally don’t get translated to English.”

Putting things in pictures, actually showing them, is what makes it all too awful. A recent French book I translated included a picture of a mother, drawn from behind, drying herself off after a bath. One online reviewer couldn’t in good conscience give the book more than one star after seeing that. Oh, the horror. The idea of protecting children assumes they are innocent yet corruptible; thus their innocence needs guarding, not only from the worst atrocities of human cruelty and suffering, but also from the idea that two men might love each other, and that breasts exist.

In 2021, a Hungarian bookstore chain was fined over a picture book it had displayed without an explicit content warning despite its featuring same-sex-parent families. The implication is that allowing kids to know that such people exist is dangerous. A confected moral panic follows. Those who ban these books seem to have tremendously rich imaginations when it comes to the damage the books might do to a young reader — though it’s hard to explain the mechanism whereby that damage would happen. (Needless to say, they have no imagination at all when it comes to the damage they might do to kids by keeping these stories hidden.) This same book, incidentally, required a slight tweak for the Israeli edition: The rainbow families weren’t a problem; the stuffed pig depicted on the opening spread was.

The book’s author, Lawrence Schimel, is also a translator. His experiences bringing books into English confirm that our markets aren’t the wild, liberal free-for-all some might imagine. He recalls Spanish and Latin American picture books with illustrations of people smoking, or going topless on a beach, that were deal breakers for American and British publishing.

For Claudia Zoe Bedrick, the publisher of Enchanted Lion Books, it isn’t as much about hard-and-fast rules as it is about variation between what’s accepted by distinct demographic groups within a single market. “For certain populations, a bare child in a bathtub is still too much,” she says. “For others, antiwar books might be taboo. … Some don’t want too much darkness.”

The issue, then, is the extent to which publishers feel the need to pander to the limitations any one group might impose, particularly in such an uncommonly politicized children’s book culture. If you are in a high-risk, small-margin business like publishing, with a constant eye on the bottom line, why allow a small, inconsequential detail — a character in a crowded street scene holding a cigarette — to alienate 48 percent of your potential market? Surely it’s easier to pre-emptively avoid all the possibly problematic things. Just in case.

We translators are stationed permanently at bridging points between different book markets operating under different rules, which feels like a good position from which to interrogate them. We’re always grappling with the fact that what might be widely accepted in one market will be controversial in another. Seen from Nordic countries, say, Anglophone markets can look prudish when it comes to sex, sexuality and human bodies, and in total denial when it comes to death.

Context isn’t irrelevant, of course. Genuine harms exist, and threats to children’s safety aren’t the same everywhere. An episode of “Peppa Pig” in which Peppa learns to befriend a spider was, sensibly, pulled from transmission in Australia, home to some of the more ferociously unfriendly arachnid species.

One common sticking point is that what differs from market to market is, fundamentally, the concept of children and childhood: What is expected of and for children? How much agency should they have? How much do adults trust in their general robustness in the face of The World? Woodstein recalls being asked by publishers to alter words or scenes to avoid suggesting that child characters have “too much liberty.”

Unlike some publishers, Enchanted Lion is constantly working to “expand the field of possibility,” as Bedrick puts it. One of my favorites from their wide-ranging catalog is “The Bird Coat,” by Inger Marie Kjolstadmyr and Oyvind Torseter, translated from Norwegian by Kari Dickson. It’s a beautiful, thought-provoking book about a tailor who aspires to fly and bravely jumps … to his death. It’s a book about courage, consequences and failure; about following a dream. People love books about dreamers, Bedrick says, but only when the dreamers succeed. It’s not the first time she has encountered U.S. resistance to kids’ books without conventionally happy endings.

I don’t expect one culture’s discomforts to be inflicted on another. Just because Australia has some highly venomous spiders doesn’t mean the rest of us have to be continually fretting about them. In practice, sure, minor accommodations often need to be made (if I want my books to span multiple markets, best to keep witches and pigs out of the pictures). But what Schimel experienced in Hungary — and what plenty of authors experience in parts of the United States — is about assuming that one’s own taboos are, or should be, our neighbors’. This looks particularly willful and arbitrary to those of us who are trying to reconcile divergent cultures that assume theirs is the only way.

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[Travel Preparation] 4 Clothes to Consider When Traveling Overseas

Avoid clothes with patterns like national flags or skulls.

Patterns such as national flags or skulls are clothing that should be avoided, regardless of whether it is safe or not.

Even if you think it's just a design, you never know what the other country's people will think. In Japan, some people like the national flag, skulls, crosses, etc. as fashionable items.

Although there may not be a strong meaning or intention towards the pattern, it may be considered taboo in some countries. First of all, let's talk about the national flag.For example, what if you wear American flag clothes and go to a country that is in conflict with the United States?

For the people of that country, seeing the flag of the other country can lead to feelings of disgust. The country you are traveling to may be home to people from various nationalities, so avoid wearing clothes with the national flag to avoid trouble.

Next, be careful with patterns such as skulls and crosses. In some countries, it is religiously taboo or has a strong negative image. In order to travel safely, it is safe to wear as simple clothing as possible.

Avoid clothes with foreign language written on them if you don't know what's written on them, or clothes with strong messages. As the saying goes, ``When you enter a country, obey the country.'' Be sure to dress in a way that suits the country you're in.

Avoid short skirts and revealing items

Clothes that expose a lot of exposure are extremely dangerous from a crime prevention perspective, so it is safer to avoid them outside of resort areas as much as possible. In particular, bright colors, fluffy designs, and other revealing clothing are dangerous.

You may not run into any danger in Japan, but letting your guard down won't work overseas. Don't forget that you may unintentionally arouse the other person. If you expose yourself too much, you may be mistaken for a prostitute in some countries. You may become a target for sexual crimes, so to protect yourself, avoid exposing your skin and wear pants.

Additionally, you may be refused entry to sacred places such as temples, churches, and mosques if you wear revealing clothing. Some places will rent out things like stoles to cover your skin, but you should take care to wear clothes that don't expose your skin as much as possible.

High-end restaurants may also have strict clothing requirements, so please be careful. I understand that you want to enjoy fashion since you are traveling abroad. However, to avoid being refused entry at your destination, please check the clothing trends of your destination on the internet in advance and dress appropriately for the TPO.

Cover your entire body with branded products

When you cover your entire body with visibly high-end branded products, it's like you're trying to say, ``I'm rich.'' This behavior in areas where pickpockets and robberies are common makes people think that you are a tourist with money, making you a target for crime.

Since you can make money by stealing branded goods, the chances of you being involved in a crime are quite high. Just because you're Japanese, people might think you're rich and have a low sense of security, so be wary of people who approach you in a friendly manner.

Furthermore, it is recommended not to wear watches or accessories, even if they are not brand-name items, at festivals, markets, etc. where there are many people. I think that if you live in a safe country, you will not feel any sense of danger of having your things stolen.

However, it would be very troublesome if you were to let your guard down and lose your wallet, cell phone, or passport. For peace of mind, carry your valuables in front of you as much as possible and choose a bag with a zipper.

Above all, the key to safely enjoying your overseas trip is to avoid wearing branded items and not showing off your weaknesses. I think you can feel even more at ease if you ask your guide or local people in detail which areas are safe and which areas are dangerous.

Be careful about fur and clothes with fur on them.

A coat is essential when going to a cold country. You'll want to prepare something made of warm material before you go on your trip, but there are some things you need to keep in mind.

It's easy to overlook this because it's not really considered a problem in Japan, but it's about fur. There are countries in the world that have very strong ideas about animal welfare and protection. In such countries, it is best to avoid wearing fur or clothing with fur.

This is because if someone with a strong mindset sees your clothes, you may not only get cold stares but also get into trouble. You don't want to be scolded while traveling. For example, the UK and Canada should be careful. Due to the strong trend towards animal welfare, it is considered undesirable to wear fur.

Also, depending on the country, hunting of some animals is prohibited by law, so if you really want to wear fur or clothing with fur, you should check that as well.

However, the movement to abolish real fur is accelerating worldwide, so if you're concerned about whether it's okay or not, I think it's best not to wear it in any country. Famous brands have also declared that they do not use real fur, so it will only become more strict in the future.

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10 Taboo Tourist Destinations (And How to Visit Them)

Caroline Morse Teel

Caroline Morse Teel is the Managing Editor for SmarterTravel Media. Follow her on Instagram @TravelWithCaroline .

Caroline joined Boston-based SmarterTravel in 2011 after living in Ireland, London, and Manhattan. She's traveled to all seven continents, jumped out of planes, and bungeed off bridges in the pursuit of a good story. She loves exploring off-the-beaten path destinations, anything outdoorsy, and all things adventure.

Her stories have also appeared online at USA Today, Business Insider, Huffington Post, Yahoo, Boston.com, TripAdvisor, Buzzfeed, Jetsetter, Oyster, Airfarewatchdog, and others.

The Handy Item I Always Pack : "Earplugs. A good pair has saved my sleep and sanity many times!"

Ultimate Bucket List Experience : Hiking Mount Kilimanjaro.

Travel Motto : "Don't be boring."

Aisle, Window, or Middle Seat : "Aisle (when the first class private suite isn't available)."

E-mail her at [email protected] .

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There are certain countries in this world that inspire thoughts of trepidation rather than tourist excitement. But don’t cross them off your travel bucket list just yet, especially if you are an experienced traveler. Read on as we tell you why you should consider visiting countries like Iran and Myanmar and how to do it.

Of course, before you go, check with the U.S. Department of State for the most up-to-date travel information and warnings.

Image Gallery

Myanmar (Burma)

Why it's Taboo: Steve Harbert, from Mountain Kingdoms tour operator, explains, saying "Under the long-term rule of the military, Myanmar [also called Burma] was guilty of serial human-rights abuses, including displacement of ethnic villagers and forced labor. These actions led to the introduction of economic sanctions by both the U.S. and the E.U." The National League for Democracy (NDL) party called for a tourism boycott in 1995 that was widely upheld until it recently revised its stance and encouraged people to visit responsibly. (Visit the Burma Campaign UK for more information on the political situation.)

Why it's Still Worth Going: From 2,500-year-old golden temples to the world's longest teak bridge, Myanmar offers endless interesting sightseeing opportunities. In an area about the size of Texas, there's everything from grasslands to jungles bordered by the Himalaya mountain range.

How to Visit: Do your research and visit with a tourism company that is committed to ethical travel to the region. Mountain Kingdoms, for example, says that they work to "offer trips to the country in a way that minimizes benefit to the ruling regime and maximizes benefit to local people and companies." Avoid visiting attractions run by the military regime or its supporters (such as Kandawgyi Gardens), and support private companies rather than the services owned by the regime’s associates.

Why it's Taboo: When Cuba became a single-party state ruled by the Communist Party, the United States adopted economic sanctions against the country and prohibited American citizens from visiting the nation and supporting its economy. However, the relationship between the two countries is beginning to thaw, and President Obama recently loosened travel restrictions to Cuba.

Why it's Still Worth Going: Cuba is already a major vacation destination for most other Western nations. Travelers flock to the lively city of Havana, the many white-sand beaches, and the natural attractions like the Sierra Maestra mountain range. The country's hospitality, music, food, and, of course, cigars are world-famous.

How to Visit: Charter flights now operate between Havana and several U.S. gateways, including Miami, Ft. Lauderdale, and Atlanta. Americans must comply with federal laws regarding visiting Cuba and obtain a license in order to legally travel to Cuba and spend money. Family travel, educational travel, and people-to-people tour-group travel are now permitted. (Visit the State Department's website for full license information.) Americans who attempt to travel to Cuba without a license can face heavy fines and criminal prosecution upon return to the United States.

Update: In December 2014, the White House lifted even more restrictions for travelers. Twelve types of general licenses are now available ( click here to read more about them ), and American tourists can now use use their U.S. credit and debit cards in Cuba. Also, legal travelers to the country will now be allowed to bring back up to $400 worth of goods to America (with a maximum of $100 worth of tobacco products and alcohol combined.)

Why it's Taboo: Helmed by controversial president Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, Iran has a tense relationship with much of the Western world. With a legal system based on Islamic sharia law , this country is definitely a risk for tourists more used to a secular legal system. Just last year, American hikers who accidentally crossed into Iran were imprisoned for almost two years for allegedly committing espionage.

Why it's Still Worth Going: The archaeology and history of the Persian Empire that you'll find in Iran is unrivaled anywhere else in the world. Sights like Persepolis (the ceremonial capital of the Persian Empire), ancient temples and tombs, and breathtaking mosques, all undiscovered by other tourists, make Iran worth the trip. Mary Dell Lucas, founding director of California-based Far Horizons Archaeological and Cultural Trips , says, "I can't say enough positive things about Iran. As the owner of an international tour company, I've traveled all over the world, and without question, Iran is one of the most fascinating countries in this world. There is a huge difference between the politicians and the people … just as in [the U.S.] So much of what is in the news doesn't apply at all with the reality of being in this country. It's one of the friendliest places that I've been. We've been taking groups there since 1999. I would urge people to visit this country."

How to Visit: Obtain a visa by applying through the Iranian Interests Section of the Embassy of Pakistan. Or, plan on visiting Kish Island, the only area of Iran where U.S. citizens do not need a visa to enter if they come through Dubai.

Why it's Taboo: It hasn't been that long since the U.S. formally ended the war with Iraq, and the country is still unstable.

Why it's Still Worth Going: What better way to understand the current conflicts in Iraq than by seeing the country firsthand? Visit ancient Sumerian sites, former palaces of Saddam Hussein, and places of Biblical importance, like Babylon.

How to Visit: Geoff Hann, who runs tours for Hinterland Travel , was in Iraq this month and says, "Individual tourism is still not really possible. So we operate groups, and these are accompanied by security personnel and in some places we have police escorts. Most hotels will have security personnel attached." Hann says that travelers should use common sense and stay safe by "avoiding certain places which have ethnic disputes, respecting the religion by dressing appropriately by Iraqi standards (particularly females), and avoiding undue camera flashing." The tour groups will also help you obtain an Iraq visa.

North Korea

Why it's Taboo: The militaristic single-party state is highly insular and largely closed off to the rest of the world. If you attempt to enter North Korea without the proper visa and passport, you risk arrest, long-term imprisonment, heavy fines, and forced labor. The United States does not maintain diplomatic relations with the country, and thus there is no U.S. embassy in North Korea. However, the Swedish Embassy in Pyongyang is available to help U.S. citizens traveling in the country. Tourists in the country must stay with government minders at all times, and there are strict rules about what they can photograph and see.

Why it's Still Worth Going: Nick Bonner of Koryo Group (which has been running North Korea tours for almost 20 years) says, "By visiting North Korea and interacting as much as you can, you have a positive impact on engagement. You are bringing civilians into contact with Westerners and providing job opportunities."

How to Visit: Apply for a visa through the Embassy of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea in Beijing. The best way to get to North Korea is via train from Beijing; however, American citizens are not allowed to leave North Korea on the train and must take an exit flight. Be aware that the State Department warns, "If you travel unescorted inside North Korea without explicit official authorization, North Korean security personnel may view your actions as espionage. Security personnel may also view any unauthorized attempt you make to talk to a North Korean citizen as espionage. North Korean authorities may fine or arrest you for unauthorized currency transactions, for taking unauthorized photographs, or for shopping at stores not designated for foreigners. It is a criminal act in North Korea to show disrespect to the country's current and former leaders, [Kim Jong-un], Kim Jong-il, and Kim Il-sung. Hotel rooms, telephones, and fax machines may be monitored, and personal possessions in hotel rooms may be searched. … Persons violating the laws of North Korea, even unknowingly, may be expelled, arrested, or imprisoned."

Update: There is currently a temporary suspension of tours to North Korea (a response by the government to the Ebola outbreak) but tourists are expected to be allowed back in at the beginning of 2015.

Why it's Taboo: Last year, Libya underwent a popular uprising against Moammar Gadhafi's governance. The ensuing civil war caused massive instability and unrest throughout the country. Tourist visas were suspended during this time and are only recently being reissued. However, as of September 2011, the U.S. Embassy in Libya has resumed operations.

Why it's Still Worth Going: Jeff Wilson of Libya Travel & Tours currently lives in Tripoli and says, "Libya is a 'virgin' destination that has been long overlooked because of the rule of the past regime. Unlike the other North African countries like Egypt, Tunisia, and Morocco, Libya has never developed its tourism potential. Libya has all the same components of these other tourism countries—like the Sahara Desert, the beach, and historical sites—but has less than 100,000 tourists per year. Libya has five UNESCO World Heritage sites: Leptis Magna, Sabratha, Cyrene, Ghadames, and the Rock-Art Sites of the Tadrart Acacus. (Leptis Magna alone is one of the top Roman ruins in the world.) The Sahara Desert of Libya is by far better than in Morocco and Tunisia, offering amazing desert oases and lakes. For those travelers interested in archaeology or history, Libya has so many jewels waiting to be explored."

How to Visit: There is currently no independent tourist travel allowed in Libya. To visit, you'll need to go through a licensed tour agency, which will be able to obtain a tourist visa for you and will also book your hotels, transportation, guides, and security. Be advised that Libya does not allow people with Israeli entry or exit stamps in their passports to enter the country.

Afghanistan

Why it's Taboo: The security situation is still unstable in Afghanistan, with car bombings, kidnappings, and other violence presenting a real risk to visitors.

Why it's Still Worth Going: Jonny Bealby and his Afghan team at tour group Wild Frontiers say Afghanistan is "one of the most fascinating, beautiful, and, at least from a tourist perspective, least visited countries in the world. From the stunning architecture in Herat and Mazar-i-Sharif and the famous mountain caves of Bamiyan and the Panjshir Valley to the epic limestone lakes of Band-i-Amir and the high passes of the Hindu Kush mountain range, the country has everything modern adventure tourism could ask for. Add to that some of the most hospitable and welcoming people anywhere, and you have the makings of a great traveler location. Afghanistan is undergoing tremendous change at the moment, but for the vast majority of Afghans, daily life continues in much the same vein as it has for centuries." Regarding safety, Bealby says, "Whilst there are some regions that are definitely off-limits, the majority of the country is peaceful and attracts a small, but growing, number of visitors. Wild Frontiers runs the majority of its trips to the Wakhan Corridor—in the remote northeast of the country—which is a pristine land well away from the dangers in the rest of the country."

How to Visit: It's perfectly legal to visit Afghanistan from the U.S. You'll need a visa, which you can get from the Embassy of Afghanistan in Washington, D.C. There are no direct flights from the U.S. to Afghanistan, so you'll have to first fly to countries offering service, such as Germany or Turkey.

Why it's Taboo: Site of the world's worst nuclear disaster, Chernobyl in Pripyat, Ukraine, remains a disaster zone 26 years later. Countless people were forced to abandon their homes, and many also suffered extreme health consequences due to the fallout. The area is still considered highly radioactive and will be unsafe to inhabit for another 20,000 years.

Why it's Still Worth Going: The ghost town is still relatively untouched from the day of the disaster. An abandoned amusement park , empty schoolrooms, and ruined houses are an eerie and sobering reminder and a memorial to the disaster's victims. According to Sergei Ivanchuk of SoloEast Travel , "It's not a pleasure trip but it's not a morbid one either. If you like photography, history, or environmental studies or played Call of Duty or watched Chernobyl Diaries , you might consider taking a tour."

How to Visit: You must book a tour, and you need to apply at least 11 days ahead of your visit for a permit. To avoid contamination, you will have to adhere to a dress code, avoid touching any plants or structures, and keep your camera from touching the ground.

Saudi Arabia

Why it's Taboo: Strict conduct rules govern visitors and locals alike. For example, women visitors must be met by a sponsor upon arrival into the country, can be arrested by the mutawain (religious police) for improper dress, and are not allowed to drive. Tourists are required to abide by local laws, as violations (including homosexual activity and adultery) may be punished with lashings or the death penalty.

Why it's Still Worth Going: Saudi Arabia was considered closed to outsiders for centuries, enshrouding the country with a sense of the forbidden and mythical. Once inside, you can see the Mada'in Saleh (an elaborate ancient settlement), The Empty Quarter's stunning sand dunes, and the pristine Red Sea reefs.

How to Visit: You will need a sponsor in order to get a visa, and visas can take several months to process. Obtain a business visa or try for one of the five-year multiple-entry visas issued by the Saudi Embassy to American visitors and students. Be aware that having an Israeli stamp in your passport may get your visa application denied.

Why it's Taboo: Once the last unspoiled place on Earth, Antarctica has been attracting record numbers of tourists in recent years. Scientists worry that tourists are accidentally importing nonnative invasive plant and insect species to the continent. Trash and pollution from ships, the potential for accidents and oil spills, and tourists causing erosion and other damage are all environmental concerns for the Antarctic tourist industry.

Why it's Still Worth Going: It's the only place on earth with no permanent inhabitants. The natural scenery is unlike anywhere else in the world, with icebergs, penguins, and seemingly endless pristine ocean. According to Courtenay Oswin, marketing coordinator for Quark Expeditions (operator of the first carbon-neutral voyage to Antarctica), "We firmly believe that tourism is and should continue to be a driving force in Antarctic conservation. Firsthand travel experiences in Antarctica foster education and a better understanding of the destination and the need for responsible tourism."

How to Visit: Thoroughly research tour companies' environmental policies before choosing a provider for your trip. "Shipborne tourism does provide a legitimate means, within the provisions of the Antarctic Treaty System and the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty, to meet the tourism demand without the need for permanent infrastructure and with limited residence time," says Oswin. Ships must apply for permits to visit Antarctica and undergo environmental assessments to ensure that they are following international regulations for safety and treatment of waste and ballast water.

You Might Also Like:

• Cuba on the Horizon: 10 Great Reasons to Visit
• 10 Hidden Places the World Doesn't Know About
• Most Unforgettable World Heritage Sites

We hand-pick everything we recommend and select items through testing and reviews. Some products are sent to us free of charge with no incentive to offer a favorable review. We offer our unbiased opinions and do not accept compensation to review products. All items are in stock and prices are accurate at the time of publication. If you buy something through our links, we may earn a commission.

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Creative Resources for ESL/EFL Teachers

ESL Travel Vocabulary Taboo Cards

This card game is very popular with my students so I’ve created more of them to cover different topics. Below, you can download the ESL travel vocabulary taboo card game.

I mentioned this activity based on Taboo game in an older article 3 Board Games You Can Use In The Classroom , where I wrote about my favorite board games I use in the classroom.  Since that, I’ve created another set of cards, this time focused on Media/Entertainment Media/Entertainment Vocabulary Card Game Based on Taboo.

Every word has three or four “forbidden words” so you can adjust the difficulty of the game by allowing the students to use one or more of the “forbidden words”.

ESL travel vocabulary taboo cards can be used for revision, different games and students will certainly have lot of fun in the classroom.

Download the printer-friendly PDF activity >>>> Travel&Holidays

This travel vocabulary activity can be used with other resource on the topic of travel, our role play activity that contains five role-play situations:  ESL Role Play Worksheet: Travel/Holidays

You will find more Taboo based cards here:

Forbidden Words: Food

Forbidden Words: Health

Vocabulary Taboo Cards: Nature&Environment

You can get all three card games in a bundle, which is a great value:  Bundle of Three Taboo Card Games: Food, Health, Nature

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10 taboo tourist destinations (and how to visit them)

More at smartertravel.com.

»   10 Hidden Places the World Doesn't Know About

»   World's Most Precarious Places

»   World's Strangest Tourist Attractions

There are certain countries in this world that inspire thoughts of trepidation rather than tourist excitement. But don't cross them off your travel bucket list just yet, especially if you are an experienced traveler. Read on as we tell you why you should consider visiting countries like Iran and Myanmar and how to do it. Of course, before you go, check with the U.S. Department of State for the most up-to-date travel information and warnings. North Korea Why it's Taboo: The militaristic single-party state is highly insular and largely closed off to the rest of the world. If you attempt to enter North Korea without the proper visa and passport, you risk arrest, long-term imprisonment, heavy fines, and forced labor. The United States does not maintain diplomatic relations with the country, and thus there is no U.S. embassy in North Korea. However, the Swedish Embassy in Pyongyang is available to help U.S. citizens traveling in the country. Tourists in the country must stay with government minders at all times, and there are strict rules about what they can photograph and see. Why it's Still Worth Going: Nick Bonner of Koryo Group (which has been running North Korea tours for almost 20 years) says, "By visiting North Korea and interacting as much as you can, you have a positive impact on engagement. You are bringing civilians into contact with Westerners and providing job opportunities." How to Visit: Apply for a visa through the Embassy of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea in Beijing. The best way to get to North Korea is via train from Beijing; however, American citizens are not allowed to leave North Korea on the train and must take an exit flight. Be aware that the State Department warns, "If you travel unescorted inside North Korea without explicit official authorization, North Korean security personnel may view your actions as espionage. Security personnel may also view any unauthorized attempt you make to talk to a North Korean citizen as espionage. North Korean authorities may fine or arrest you for unauthorized currency transactions, for taking unauthorized photographs, or for shopping at stores not designated for foreigners. It is a criminal act in North Korea to show disrespect to the country's current and former leaders, [ Kim Jong-un ], Kim Jong-il, and Kim Il-sung. Hotel rooms, telephones, and fax machines may be monitored, and personal possessions in hotel rooms may be searched. … Persons violating the laws of North Korea, even unknowingly, may be expelled, arrested, or imprisoned."

Myanmar (Burma) Why it's Taboo: Steve Harbert, from Mountain Kingdoms tour operator, explains, saying "Under the long-term rule of the military, Myanmar [also called Burma] was guilty of serial human-rights abuses, including displacement of ethnic villagers and forced labor. These actions led to the introduction of economic sanctions by both the U.S. and the E.U." The National League for Democracy (NDL) party called for a tourism boycott in 1995 that was widely upheld until it recently revised its stance and encouraged people to visit responsibly. (Visit the Burma Campaign UK for more information on the political situation.) Why it's Still Worth Going: From 2,500-year-old golden temples to the world's longest teak bridge, Myanmar offers endless interesting sightseeing opportunities. In an area about the size of Texas, there's everything from grasslands to jungles bordered by the Himalaya mountain range. How to Visit: Do your research and visit with a tourism company that is committed to ethical travel to the region. Mountain Kingdoms, for example, says that they work to "offer trips to the country in a way that minimizes benefit to the ruling regime and maximizes benefit to local people and companies." Avoid visiting attractions run by the military regime or its supporters (such as Kandawgyi Gardens), and support private companies rather than the services owned by the regime’s associates.

Cuba Why it's Taboo: When Cuba became a single-party state ruled by the Communist Party, the United States adopted economic sanctions against the country and prohibited American citizens from visiting the nation and supporting its economy. However, the relationship between the two countries is beginning to thaw, and President Obama recently loosened travel restrictions to Cuba. Why it's Still Worth Going: Cuba is already a major vacation destination for most other Western nations. Travelers flock to the lively city of Havana, the many white-sand beaches, and the natural attractions like the Sierra Maestra mountain range. The country's hospitality, music, food, and, of course, cigars are world-famous. How to Visit: Charter flights now operate between Havana and several U.S. gateways, including Miami, Ft. Lauderdale, and Atlanta. Americans must comply with federal laws regarding visiting Cuba and obtain a license in order to legally travel to Cuba and spend money. Family travel, educational travel, and people-to-people tour-group travel are now permitted. (Visit the State Department's website for full license information.) Americans who attempt to travel to Cuba without a license can face heavy fines and criminal prosecution upon return to the United States.

Iran Why it's Taboo: Helmed by controversial president Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, Iran has a tense relationship with much of the Western world. With a legal system based on Islamic sharia law, this country is definitely a risk for tourists more used to a secular legal system. Just last year, American hikers who accidentally crossed into Iran were imprisoned for almost two years for allegedly committing espionage. Why it's Still Worth Going: The archaeology and history of the Persian Empire that you'll find in Iran is unrivaled anywhere else in the world. Sights like Persepolis (the ceremonial capital of the Persian Empire), ancient temples and tombs, and breathtaking mosques, all undiscovered by other tourists, make Iran worth the trip. Mary Dell Lucas, founding director of California-based Far Horizons Archaeological and Cultural Trips, says, "I can't say enough positive things about Iran. As the owner of an international tour company, I've traveled all over the world, and without question, Iran is one of the most fascinating countries in this world. There is a huge difference between the politicians and the people … just as in [the U.S.] So much of what is in the news doesn't apply at all with the reality of being in this country. It's one of the friendliest places that I've been. We've been taking groups there since 1999. I would urge people to visit this country." How to Visit: Obtain a visa by applying through the Iranian Interests Section of the Embassy of Pakistan. Or, plan on visiting Kish Island, the only area of Iran where U.S. citizens do not need a visa to enter if they come through Dubai.

Iraq Why it's Taboo: It's only been about four months since the U.S. formally ended the war with Iraq, and the country is still unstable. Why it's Still Worth Going: What better way to understand the current conflicts in Iraq than by seeing the country firsthand? Visit ancient Sumerian sites, former palaces of Saddam Hussein, and places of Biblical importance, like Babylon. How to Visit: Geoff Hann, who runs tours for Hinterland Travel, was in Iraq this month and says, "Individual tourism is still not really possible. So we operate groups, and these are accompanied by security personnel and in some places we have police escorts. Most hotels will have security personnel attached." Hann says that travelers should use common sense and stay safe by "avoiding certain places which have ethnic disputes, respecting the religion by dressing appropriately by Iraqi standards (particularly females), and avoiding undue camera flashing." The tour groups will also help you obtain an Iraq visa.

Libya Why it's Taboo: Last year, Libya underwent a popular uprising against Moammar Gadhafi's governance. The ensuing civil war caused massive instability and unrest throughout the country. Tourist visas were suspended during this time and are only recently being reissued. However, as of September 2011, the U.S. Embassy in Libya has resumed operations. Why it's Still Worth Going: Jeff Wilson of Libya Travel & Tours currently lives in Tripoli and says, "Libya is a 'virgin' destination that has been long overlooked because of the rule of the past regime. Unlike the other North African countries like Egypt, Tunisia, and Morocco, Libya has never developed its tourism potential. Libya has all the same components of these other tourism countries—like the Sahara Desert, the beach, and historical sites—but has less than 100,000 tourists per year. Libya has five UNESCO World Heritage sites: Leptis Magna, Sabratha, Cyrene, Ghadames, and the Rock-Art Sites of the Tadrart Acacus. (Leptis Magna alone is one of the top Roman ruins in the world.) The Sahara Desert of Libya is by far better than in Morocco and Tunisia, offering amazing desert oases and lakes. For those travelers interested in archaeology or history, Libya has so many jewels waiting to be explored." How to Visit: There is currently no independent tourist travel allowed in Libya. To visit, you'll need to go through a licensed tour agency, which will be able to obtain a tourist visa for you and will also book your hotels, transportation, guides, and security. Be advised that Libya does not allow people with Israeli entry or exit stamps in their passports to enter the country.

Afghanistan Why it's Taboo: The security situation is still unstable in Afghanistan, with car bombings, kidnappings, and other violence presenting a real risk to visitors. Why it's Still Worth Going: Jonny Bealby and his Afghan team at tour group Wild Frontiers say Afghanistan is "one of the most fascinating, beautiful, and, at least from a tourist perspective, least visited countries in the world. From the stunning architecture in Herat and Mazar-i-Sharif and the famous mountain caves of Bamiyan and the Panjshir Valley to the epic limestone lakes of Band-i-Amir and the high passes of the Hindu Kush mountain range, the country has everything modern adventure tourism could ask for. Add to that some of the most hospitable and welcoming people anywhere, and you have the makings of a great traveler location. Afghanistan is undergoing tremendous change at the moment, but for the vast majority of Afghans, daily life continues in much the same vein as it has for centuries." Regarding safety, Bealby says, "Whilst there are some regions that are definitely off-limits, the majority of the country is peaceful and attracts a small, but growing, number of visitors. Wild Frontiers runs the majority of its trips to the Wakhan Corridor—in the remote northeast of the country—which is a pristine land well away from the dangers in the rest of the country." How to Visit: It's perfectly legal to visit Afghanistan from the U.S. You'll need a visa, which you can get from the Embassy of Afghanistan in Washington, D.C. There are no direct flights from the U.S. to Afghanistan, so you'll have to first fly to countries offering service, such as Germany or Turkey.

Chernobyl Why it's Taboo: Site of the world's worst nuclear disaster, Chernobyl in Pripyat, Ukraine , remains a disaster zone 26 years later. Countless people were forced to abandon their homes, and many also suffered extreme health consequences due to the fallout. The area is still considered highly radioactive and will be unsafe to inhabit for another 20,000 years. Why it's Still Worth Going: The ghost town is still relatively untouched from the day of the disaster. An abandoned amusement park, empty schoolrooms, and ruined houses are an eerie and sobering reminder and a memorial to the disaster's victims. According to Sergei Ivanchuk of SoloEast Travel, "It's not a pleasure trip but it's not a morbid one either. If you like photography, history, or environmental studies or played Call of Duty or watched Chernobyl Diaries, you might consider taking a tour." How to Visit: You must book a tour, and you need to apply at least 11 days ahead of your visit for a permit. To avoid contamination, you will have to adhere to a dress code, avoid touching any plants or structures, and keep your camera from touching the ground.

Saudi Arabia Why it's Taboo: Strict conduct rules govern visitors and locals alike. For example, women visitors must be met by a sponsor upon arrival into the country, can be arrested by the mutawain (religious police) for improper dress, and are not allowed to drive. Tourists are required to abide by local laws, as violations (including homosexual activity and adultery) may be punished with lashings or the death penalty. Why it's Still Worth Going: Saudi Arabia was considered closed to outsiders for centuries, enshrouding the country with a sense of the forbidden and mythical. Once inside, you can see the Mada'in Saleh (an elaborate ancient settlement), The Empty Quarter's stunning sand dunes, and the pristine Red Sea reefs. How to Visit: You will need a sponsor in order to get a visa, and visas can take several months to process. Obtain a business visa or try for one of the five-year multiple-entry visas issued by the Saudi Embassy to American visitors and students. Be aware that having an Israeli stamp in your passport may get your visa application denied.

Antarctica Why it's Taboo: Once the last unspoiled place on Earth, Antarctica has been attracting record numbers of tourists in recent years. Scientists worry that tourists are accidentally importing nonnative invasive plant and insect species to the continent. Trash and pollution from ships, the potential for accidents and oil spills, and tourists causing erosion and other damage are all environmental concerns for the Antarctic tourist industry. Why it's Still Worth Going: It's the only place on earth with no permanent inhabitants. The natural scenery is unlike anywhere else in the world, with icebergs, penguins, and seemingly endless pristine ocean. According to Courtenay Oswin, marketing coordinator for Quark Expeditions (operator of the first carbon-neutral voyage to Antarctica), "We firmly believe that tourism is and should continue to be a driving force in Antarctic conservation. Firsthand travel experiences in Antarctica foster education and a better understanding of the destination and the need for responsible tourism." How to Visit: Thoroughly research tour companies' environmental policies before choosing a provider for your trip. "Shipborne tourism does provide a legitimate means, within the provisions of the Antarctic Treaty System and the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty, to meet the tourism demand without the need for permanent infrastructure and with limited residence time," says Oswin. Ships must apply for permits to visit Antarctica and undergo environmental assessments to ensure that they are following international regulations for safety and treatment of waste and ballast water. See story: 10 taboo tourist destinations (and how to visit them)

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